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Cambridge IELTS Academic 1 Reading Test 4 Answers with Explanation / IELTS Reading-Glass: Capturing the dance of light ,Why some women cross the finish line ahead of men, Population viability analysis

Writer: Fakhruddin BabarFakhruddin Babar

Updated: 5 hours ago

READING PASSAGE 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1.

Glass: Capturing the dance of light

Answers 

Keywords 

Location 

Explanation 

1. viii 

 

 

Today fiber optics are used……………..A new generation of optical instruments that can provide …………. 

·         This paragraph explains about the new possibilities of optical fibers. 

2. i 

 

 

The use of glass as a art is ………………is also booming.

·         Growth= booming

·         Art= craft

3. ix

 

 

The paragraph deals with the ancient and simple method of bulb making process back then in 1920.

4. iii 

 

 

The secret of versatility of glass lies in …………..which allows technicians to tailor glass to whatever they need.

·         tailor glass to whatever they need = adaptable

5. vi 

 

 

Today scientists continue to experiment with the new glass mixture and …………

6. molten glass//ribbon of glass//molten glass ribbon 

 

P D, L12 

Yet it is very simple a narrow ribbon …………

7. belt of steel//steel belt//moving belt 

 

P D, L13 

 

·          

…..travels over a moving belt of steel in which these are……

8. (lightbulb) moulds 

 

P D, L14 

The glass sags through the holes and waiting moulds.

9. A 

 dental fittings

P A, line 12 

The use of this materials have been broadened …………..and as crowns for teeth.

·         Have been broadened = still in heavy use

·         Crowns for teeth= dental fittings

10. B 

 optical computers

P B, line 1 

On the horizon are optical computers…………these could store……

·         These could store= possibilities

11. A 

 sculpture

P C, line 13 

He now has a new commission – a glass sculpture …

12. C 

 fashions

 

Nowhere mentioned

13. A 

 curtains

P F, line 10- 14 

Think of glass that has been treated to react to electric…………..that gives you instant curtains.

 

 





READING PASSAGE 2

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 15–26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 .


 Why some women cross the finish line ahead of men

Answers 

keywords 

Location 

Explanation 

14. E

 drawback, restructuring 

 P E line 1

In Europe a recent feature of corporate life in the recession has been the de-layering of management structures. Sears said that this has halted progress for women…..

·         de-layering of management structures= company restructuring 

·         halted progress= drawback

15. G

 association, support

 P G, line 1

Organisations such as the European Women’s Management Development Network provide a range of opportunities for women to enhance their skills and contacts.

·         provide a range of opportunities= support

16. A

 female job applicant

 P A, line 1

Women who apply for jobs in middle or senior management have a higher success rate than men, according to an employment survey.

·         Women who apply for jobs= female job applicant

17. C

 male, female, approach

P C, line 11

Women tend to research thoroughly before applying for positions or attending interviews. Men, on the other hand, seem to rely on their ability to sell themselves and to convince employers that any shortcomings they have will not prevent them from doing a good job.

18. F

 more women, business

 P F line 1

In business as a whole, there………….. in the workforce. Demographic trends suggest that the number of women going into employment is steadily increasing.

·         increasing= more

19. D

 management structures, improvement

 P D, line 1

This year the survey shows a doubling of the number of women serving as non-executive directors compared with the previous year.

·         Improvement = increase in number= double in number

20. A

 selection procedures

 P G, line 14

And she said, “It’s still so hard for women to even get on to shortlists -there are so many hurdles and barriers.

·         shortlist= selection

 21. S

 female-run business

P D, line last

Sears also noted a positive trend from the recession, which has been the growing number of women who have started up on their own.

·         women who have started up on their own.= female-run business

22. M

 male, female, applicant

 P B, line last

But she added, “We should not lose sight of the fact that significantly fewer women apply for senior positions in comparison with men.”

23. S

 higher position

 P E, line

Hilary Sears, a partner with Korn/Ferry, said, “Women have raised the level of grades we are employed in but we have still not broken through barriers to the top.”

·          higher position = raised the level of grades

24. (it has) double(d)//doubling

 top management position

 P D, line

 This year the survey shows a doubling of the number of women serving as non-executive directors compared with the previous year.

25. de-layering

 company structure

 P E, line

Sears said that this has halted progress for women in as much as de-layering has taken place either where women are working or in layers they aspire to

26. demographic trends

 more working women

 P F line

Demographic trends suggest that the number of women going into employment is steadily increasing.

27. employers

 change attitude

P G, line  

Antal agreed that there have been some positive signs but said “Until there is a belief among employers, until they value the difference, nothing will change.”



READING PASSAGE 3

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27–40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 .


Population viability analysis


Answers 

keywords 

Location 

Explanation 

28. YES

 forestry

 Part A, P1  line 1

To make political decisions about the extent and type of forestry in a region it is important to understand the consequences of those decisions. 

29. NO

 PVA

 Part A, P 1 line 5

It has been successfully used in the United States to provide input into resource exploitation decisions and assist wildlife managers and there is now enormous potential for using population viability to assist wildlife management in Australia’s forests.

30. NO

 extinct

 Part A,P 2 line 1

A species becomes extinct when the last individual dies. 

31. NOT GIVEN

 extinction

  

 Not mentioned

32. vi

 haphazard

 Part B, P 1, line 7

 Taking only this uncertainty of ability to reproduce into account, extinction is unlikely if the number of individuals in a population is above about 50 and the population is growing.

·         uncertainty=haphazard

33. iii

 sexes

 Part B, P B line 2

For example, if there are only 20 individuals of a species and only one is a male, all future individuals in the species must be descended from that one male. 

34. i

 adapt

 Part B, P C, line L2

Without genetic variability a species lacks the capacity to evolve and cannot adapt to changes in its environment or to new predators and new diseases

35. ii 

 natural disaster

 PartB, P D, line 4

Catastrophes such as fire, flood, drought or epidemic may reduce population sizes to a small fraction of their average level. 

36. will/may not survive//will/may/could become extinct

 isolated group

 Part C, P 1, line2

A species that occurs in five isolated places each containing 20 individuals will not have the same probability of extinction as a species with a single population of 100 individuals in a single locality.

37. locality//distribution

 survival, population size

 Part C, P 1, line2

A species that occurs in five isolated places each containing 20 individuals will not have the same probability of extinction as a species with a single population of 100 individuals in a single locality.

38. logging takes place/occurs

 likelihood, extinct

 Part C, P 2, line 1

Where logging occurs (that is, the cutting down of forests for timber) forest- dependent creatures in that area will be forced to leave. Ground-dwelling herbivores may return within a decade. 

39. B


 Part A, P 1 line 4

This is a tool for predicting the probability that a species will become extinct in a particular region over a specific period.

 







 
 
 

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