READING PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1.
Glass: Capturing the dance of light
Answers | Keywords | Location | Explanation |
1. viii |
|
| Today fiber optics are used……………..A new generation of optical instruments that can provide …………. · This paragraph explains about the new possibilities of optical fibers. |
2. i |
|
| The use of glass as a art is ………………is also booming. · Growth= booming · Art= craft |
3. ix |
|
| The paragraph deals with the ancient and simple method of bulb making process back then in 1920. |
4. iii |
|
| The secret of versatility of glass lies in …………..which allows technicians to tailor glass to whatever they need. · tailor glass to whatever they need = adaptable |
5. vi |
|
| Today scientists continue to experiment with the new glass mixture and ………… |
6. molten glass//ribbon of glass//molten glass ribbon |
| P D, L12 | Yet it is very simple a narrow ribbon ………… |
7. belt of steel//steel belt//moving belt |
| P D, L13
· | …..travels over a moving belt of steel in which these are…… |
8. (lightbulb) moulds |
| P D, L14 | The glass sags through the holes and waiting moulds. |
9. A | dental fittings | P A, line 12 | |
10. B | optical computers | P B, line 1 | On the horizon are optical computers…………these could store…… · These could store= possibilities |
11. A | sculpture | P C, line 13 | He now has a new commission – a glass sculpture … |
12. C | fashions |
| Nowhere mentioned |
13. A | curtains | P F, line 10- 14 | Think of glass that has been treated to react to electric…………..that gives you instant curtains. |
READING PASSAGE 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 15–26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 .
Why some women cross the finish line ahead of men
Answers | keywords | Location | Explanation |
14. E | drawback, restructuring | P E line 1 | In Europe a recent feature of corporate life in the recession has been the de-layering of management structures. Sears said that this has halted progress for women….. · de-layering of management structures= company restructuring · halted progress= drawback |
15. G | association, support | P G, line 1 | Organisations such as the European Women’s Management Development Network provide a range of opportunities for women to enhance their skills and contacts. · provide a range of opportunities= support |
16. A | female job applicant | P A, line 1 | Women who apply for jobs in middle or senior management have a higher success rate than men, according to an employment survey. · Women who apply for jobs= female job applicant |
17. C | male, female, approach | P C, line 11 | |
18. F | more women, business | P F line 1 | In business as a whole, there………….. in the workforce. Demographic trends suggest that the number of women going into employment is steadily increasing. · increasing= more |
19. D | management structures, improvement | P D, line 1 | This year the survey shows a doubling of the number of women serving as non-executive directors compared with the previous year. · Improvement = increase in number= double in number |
20. A | selection procedures | P G, line 14 | And she said, “It’s still so hard for women to even get on to shortlists -there are so many hurdles and barriers. · shortlist= selection |
21. S | female-run business | P D, line last | |
22. M | male, female, applicant | P B, line last | But she added, “We should not lose sight of the fact that significantly fewer women apply for senior positions in comparison with men.” |
23. S | higher position | P E, line | |
24. (it has) double(d)//doubling | top management position | P D, line | This year the survey shows a doubling of the number of women serving as non-executive directors compared with the previous year. |
25. de-layering | company structure | P E, line | Sears said that this has halted progress for women in as much as de-layering has taken place either where women are working or in layers they aspire to |
26. demographic trends | more working women | P F line | Demographic trends suggest that the number of women going into employment is steadily increasing. |
27. employers | change attitude | P G, line | Antal agreed that there have been some positive signs but said “Until there is a belief among employers, until they value the difference, nothing will change.” |
READING PASSAGE 3
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27–40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 .
Population viability analysis
Answers | keywords | Location | Explanation |
28. YES | forestry | Part A, P1 line 1 | |
29. NO | PVA | Part A, P 1 line 5 | It has been successfully used in the United States to provide input into resource exploitation decisions and assist wildlife managers and there is now enormous potential for using population viability to assist wildlife management in Australia’s forests. |
30. NO | extinct | Part A,P 2 line 1 | A species becomes extinct when the last individual dies. |
31. NOT GIVEN | extinction |
| Not mentioned |
32. vi | haphazard | Part B, P 1, line 7 | Taking only this uncertainty of ability to reproduce into account, extinction is unlikely if the number of individuals in a population is above about 50 and the population is growing. · uncertainty=haphazard |
33. iii | sexes | Part B, P B line 2 | For example, if there are only 20 individuals of a species and only one is a male, all future individuals in the species must be descended from that one male. |
34. i | adapt | Part B, P C, line L2 | Without genetic variability a species lacks the capacity to evolve and cannot adapt to changes in its environment or to new predators and new diseases |
35. ii | natural disaster | PartB, P D, line 4 | Catastrophes such as fire, flood, drought or epidemic may reduce population sizes to a small fraction of their average level. |
36. will/may not survive//will/may/could become extinct | isolated group | Part C, P 1, line2 | A species that occurs in five isolated places each containing 20 individuals will not have the same probability of extinction as a species with a single population of 100 individuals in a single locality. |
37. locality//distribution | survival, population size | Part C, P 1, line2 | A species that occurs in five isolated places each containing 20 individuals will not have the same probability of extinction as a species with a single population of 100 individuals in a single locality. |
38. logging takes place/occurs | likelihood, extinct | Part C, P 2, line 1 | Where logging occurs (that is, the cutting down of forests for timber) forest- dependent creatures in that area will be forced to leave. Ground-dwelling herbivores may return within a decade. |
39. B | Part A, P 1 line 4 | This is a tool for predicting the probability that a species will become extinct in a particular region over a specific period. |
Excellent work!