READING PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1.
Absenteeism in Nursing: A longitudinal Study
Keywords | Location | Explanation | |
1. NO | Prince William Hospital, reduce absenteeism | P 1, line 5 | The study reported here was conducted in the ………… taken to measure, understand or manage the occurrence of absenteeism. · understand or manage the occurrence of absenteeism but not reduce |
2. NO | benefits, sick leave | P 2 line 1 | A prevalent attitude amongst many nurses in the group selected for study was that there was no reward or recognition for not utilising the paid sick leave entitlement allowed them in their employment conditions. · no reward or recognition for not utilising the paid sick leave= no benefits |
3. NO | just over half, shift work | P 3 line 5 | 67 per cent of nurses felt that administration was not sympathetic to the problems shift work causes to employees’ personal and social lives. · administration was not sympathetic to the problems= didn’t understand the problem |
4. YES | illness in family, work home | P 4 line 6 | Other causes, in decreasing order of frequency, were illness in family, family social function, work to do at home and bereavement. |
5. NOT GIVEN |
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6. NO | 250 nurses | P 5 line 1 | In an attempt to reduce the level of absenteeism amongst the 250 Registered an Enrolled Nurses in the present study, the Prince William management introduced three different, yet potentially complementary, strategies over 18 months. · Not to find cause but to reduce it. |
7. YES | Prince william, changes, management | P 5 line 1 | In an attempt to reduce the level of absenteeism amongst the 250 Registered an Enrolled Nurses in the present study, the Prince William management introduced three different, yet potentially complementary, strategies over 18 months. |
8. (local) businesses | First strategy | Strategy 1 | However, it was possible to secure incentives from local businesses, including free passes to entertainment parks, theatres, restaurants, etc. |
9.(work/working) schedule/ restoring/ roster(s) | second strategy | Strategy 2 | Where possible, staff were given the opportunity to determine their working schedule within the limits of clinical needs. |
10. excessive | Third strategy | Strategy 3 | Each month, managers would analyse the pattern of absence of staff with excessive sick leave (greater than ten days per year for full-time employees). |
11. voluntary absence / absenteeism | Third strategy | Strategy 3 | Characteristic patterns of potential ‘voluntary absenteeism‘ such as absence before and after days off, excessive weekend and night duty absence and multiple single days off were communicated to all ward nurses and then, as necessary, followed up by action. |
12. twenty / 20 | Initially, decrease | Results | This represents a 20 percent improvement. · 20 percent improvement= absenteeism decreased by 20% |
13. communication | staff, better, second and third | Discussion, paragraph 2 line | This led to significant improvements in communication between managers and staff. · improvements = better |
READING PASSAGE 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 15–26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 .
The Motor Car
Keywords | Location | Explanation | |
14. C |
| P C, line 1&9 | Until a hundred years ago, ……………… Today about 90%…. |
15. F | hbits, contribute, problem | P F, line 3 | But fuel consumption and exhaust emissions depend on which cars are preferred by customers and how they are driven. |
16. E | merits, cars | P E, line 9 | Yet cars easily surpass trains or buses as a flexible and convenient mode of personal transport. |
17. H | future solutions | P H, line 12 | Better integration of transport systems is also highly desirable – and made more feasible by modern computers. But these are solutions…… |
18. A | motor vehicles | P A line 1 | There are now over 700 million motor vehicles in the world – and the number is rising by more than 40 million each year. |
19. D | impact, car, city | P D, line 3 | Adaptation to the motor car has involved adding ring roads, one-way systems and parking lots. |
20. NOTGIVEN |
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21. NO | horse, vehicles | P C | Today about 90 per cent of inland freight in the United Kingdom is carried by road. Clearly the world cannot revert to the horse-drawn wagon. · we cannot go back to horse because most of the freight is carried by vehicles |
22. NOTGIVEN |
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23. YES | European cities | P D, line 1 | In Europe most cities are still designed for the old modes of transport. · they are designed to traditional vehicles and car is modern one |
24. YES | Technology, solve, pollution | P F, line 9 | Besides, global car use is increasing at a faster rate than the improvement in emissions and fuel efficiency which technology is now making possible. |
25. YES | car, attitude, driving | P F, line 7 | Many people buy larger cars than they need for daily purposes or waste fuel by driving aggressively. · driving aggressively= attitude |
26. NO | redesigning, cities | P G, | One solution that has been put forward is the long-term solution of designing cities and neighbourhoods so that car journeys are not necessary – all essential services being located within walking distance or easily accessible by public transport. · redesigning is not short-term solution |
READING PASSAGE 3
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27–40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 .
The Keyless Society
Keyword | Location | Explanation | |
27 IV | P B | Already, more than 10,000 facilities, from prisons to day-care centers, monitor people’s fingerprints or other physical parts to ensure that they are who they claim to be · whole paragraph talks bout the number(figure) of bio-metrics | |
28 vii | P C, | When an authorized user wishes to enter or use the facility, the system scans the person’s corresponding characteristics and attempts to match them against those on record. · explains the way of it operates | |
29 Vlll | P D, | Sixteen American states now use bio metric fingerprint verification systems to check that people claiming welfare payments are genuine. · verification systems to check= fighting fraud | |
30 III | P E | To date, the most widely used commercial biometric system is the handkey, a type of hand scanner which reads the unique shape, size and irregularities of people’s hands. · the most widely used commercial= best selling | |
31 ii | P F, | When we started four years ago, I had to explain to everyone what a biometric is, ‘says one marketing expert. Now, there’s much more awareness out there. · planning of experts | |
32 i | P G, | Not surprisingly, biometrics raise thorny questions about privacy and the potential for abuse. · thorny questions= objections | |
33 x | P H | ||
34 B | P E, L 3 | Originally developed for nuclear powerplants, the handkey received its big break when it was used to control access to the Olympic Village in Atlanta by more than 65,000 athletes, trainers and support staff. · trainers= sports students | |
35 B | P E, L 3 | Originally developed for nuclear powerplants, the handkey received its big break when it was used to control access to the Olympic Village in Atlanta by more than 65,000 athletes, trainers and support staff. | |
36 E | P F, L 1 | Around the world, the market is growing rapidly. Malaysia, for example, is preparing to equip all of its airports with biometric face scanners to match passengers with luggage. | |
37 A | Sixteen American states now use bio metric fingerprint verification systems to check that people claiming welfare payments are genuine. | ||
38 B | P F, L5 | The first commercial biometric, a hand reader used by an American firm to monitor employee attendance, was introduced in 1974. | |
39 D | P A, L 3 | In some California housing estates, a key alone is insufficient to get someone in the door; his or her voice print must also be verified. | |
40 E
| P A, L 5 | And soon, customers at some Japanese banks will have to present their faces for scanning before they can enter the building and withdraw their money. |
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