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Cambridge IELTS Academic 3 Reading Test 4 Answers with Explanation / IELTS Academic Reading: Cambridge 3 Test 4 Answer / Cambridge IELTS 3 Reading Test 4 Answers with Explanation

Writer: Fakhruddin BabarFakhruddin Babar

READING PASSAGE 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1.


Air pollution is increasingly becoming ...

Question Number

Answer

Keywords

Location in Passage

Text

1.

Los Angeles

state regulations, manufacturers, ever cleaner cars, Zero Emission

Section B, Lines 2-3

"ment and innovative technology. In Los Angeles, state regulations are forcing manufacturers to try to sell ever cleaner cars: their first of the cleanest, titled 'Zero Emission'"

2.

London

sales, local authorities, anti-pollution laws, police

Section B, Lines 5-6

"of sales in 1997. Local authorities in London are campaigning to be allowed to enforce anti-pollution laws themselves; at present only the police have the power to"

3.

Singapore

renting out road space, future

Section B, Last 2 lines

"do so, but they tend to be busy elsewhere. In Singapore, renting out road space to users is the way of the future."

4.

London

European Union environmental programme, infra-red spectrometer, pollution, passing vehicle

Section D, First 3 lines

"As part of a European Union environmental programme, a London council is testing an infra-red spectrometer from the University of Denver in Colorado. It gauges the pollution from a passing vehicle – more useful than the annual stationary test that is the"

5.

Los Angeles

cleanest cars, Europe, total number of miles, car-pooling

Section E, Lines 2-4

"tendency to drive them more. Los Angeles has some of the world's cleanest cars — far better than those of Europe — but the total number of miles those cars drive continues to grow. One solution is car-pooling, an arrangement in which a number of people"

Question Number

Answer

Keywords

Location in Passage

Text

6.

YES

Royal Automobile Club, exhausts, vehicles, pollution

Section C, First 2 lines

"When Britain's Royal Automobile Club monitored the exhausts of 610,000 vehicles, it found that 12 per cent of them produced more than half the total pollution. Older"

7.

YES

infra-red spectrometer, University of Denver, pollution, passing vehicle

Section D, Line 2-3

"an infra-red spectrometer from the University of Denver in Colorado. It gauges the pollution from a passing vehicle – more useful than the annual stationary test that is the"

8.

NO

cleanest cars, total number of miles, tendency to drive

Section E, First 4 lines

"The effort to clean up cars may do little to cut pollution if nothing is done about the tendency to drive them more. Los Angeles has some of the world's cleanest cars — far better than those of Europe — but the total number of miles those cars drive continues to grow. One solution is car-pooling, an arrangement in which a number of people"

9.

NO

car-pooling, average number of people in a car, falling steadily

Section E, Line 4-7

"to grow. One solution is car-pooling, an arrangement in which a number of people who share the same destination share the use of one car. However, the average number of people in a car on the freeway in Los Angeles, which is 1.3, has been falling steadily. Increasing it would be an effective way of reducing emissions as well"

10.

NO

Singapore, city-wide network of transmitters, road-pricing, controversial, Cambridge

Section F, Last 5 lines

"Singapore is advancing in this direction, with a city-wide network of transmitters to collect information and charge drivers as they pass certain points. Such road-pricing, however, can be controversial. When the local government in Cambridge, England, considered introducing Singaporean techniques, it faced vocal and ultimately successful opposition."

Question Number

Answer

Keywords

Location in Passage

Text

11.

A

twenty megacities, WHO, pollutant, guidelines

Part Two, Paragraph 1, Last 5 lines

"Environmental Programme and the World Health Organisation (WHO) concluded that all of a sample of twenty megacities — places likely to have more than ten million inhabitants in the year 2000 – already exceeded the level the WHO deems healthy in at least one major pollutant. Two-thirds of them exceeded the guidelines for two, seven for three or more."

12.

D

PM10, particulate matter, deaths, Southern California

Part Two, Paragraph 2, Last 4 lines

"most attention from health researchers. PM10, a sub-category of particulate matter measuring ten-millionths of a metre across, has been implicated in thousands of deaths a year in Britain alone. Research being conducted in two counties of Southern California is reaching similarly disturbing conclusions concerning this little-understood pollutant."

13.

C

polluted air, destructive power, old and ill, vulnerable, stagnant air

Part Two, Paragraph 3, Line 3-4

"polluted air offer further evidence of its destructive power. The old and ill, however, are the most vulnerable to the acute effects of heavily polluted stagnant air. It can actually"

 

 



READING PASSAGE 2

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 15–26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 .


Votes for Women

Question Number

Answer

Keywords

Location in Passage

Text

14.

C

corporate identity, marketing strategy, organisational and commercial achievements

Paragraph 2, Line 7-16

"nationwide image. By doing so, it became one of the first groups to project a corporate identity, and it is this advanced marketing strategy, along with the other organisational and commercial achievements of the WSPU, to which the exhibition is devoted."

15.

D

slogan, cohesion, focus, colour scheme

Paragraph 4, Line 1-7

"With their slogan 'Deeds not words', and the introduction of the colour scheme, the WSPU soon brought the movement the cohesion and focus it had previously lacked."

Question Number

Answer

Keywords

Location in Passage

Text

16.

D & E

years 1906 to 1914, bills of enfranchisement, adult female populace, the vote

Paragraph 13, Line 1-10

"Although the exhibition officially charts the years 1906 to 1914, graphic display boards outlining the bills of enfranchisement of 1918 and 1928, which gave the adult female populace of Britain the vote, show what was achieved. It demonstrates"

17.

(selling) advertising (space)

advertising space, bought, large department stores, Selfridges, jewellers, Mappin & Webb

Paragraph 6, Line 1-10

"Equally importantly for a rising political group, the newspaper returned a profit. This was partly because advertising space was bought in the paper by large department stores such as Selfridges, and jewellers such as Mappin & Webb. These two"

18.

„colour scheme/(three) colours/purple, white, green‟

playing cards, board games, Christmas and greeting cards, purple, white, green colours

Paragraph 7, Line 6-12

"exploit. The group began to sell playing cards, board games, Christmas and greeting cards, and countless other goods, all in the purple, white and green colours. In 1906 such"

19.

(the) Woman‟s Exhibition

Woman's Exhibition, fund-raising activities, fill the coffers

Paragraph 8, Line 7-12

"numerous other fund-raising activities combined to fill the coffers of the 'war chest'. The most notable of these was the Woman's Exhibition, which took"

20.

NO

Formed in 1903, political campaigner, Mrs Emmeline Pankhurst, daughters Christabel and Sylvia, educated campaign, women's suffrage, political agenda

Paragraph 3, Line 1-13

"Formed in 1903 by the political campaigner Mrs Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters Christabel and Sylvia, the WSPU began an educated campaign to put women's suffrage on the political agenda. New Zealand, Australia, and parts of the United States had already enfranchised women, and"

21.

YES

newspapers, Votes for Women, The Suffragette, vital role, communication

Paragraph 5, Last 5 lines

"The newspapers produced by the WSPU, first Votes for Women and later The Suffragette, played a vital role in this communication."

22.

NO

Both sold throughout the country

Paragraph 5, Line 6-7

"Both were sold throughout the country and proved an"

23.

NO

informing members, meetings, marches, fund-raising events, latest news, views, movement

Paragraph 5, Last 6 lines

"invaluable way of informing members of meetings, marches, fund-raising events, and the latest news and views on the movement."

24.

NOT GIVEN

-

-

-

25.

YES

Museum of London's exhibition, visual, items on show, The Suffragette, campaign banners, photographs

Paragraph 9

"The Museum of London's exhibition is largely visual, with a huge number of items on show. Against a quiet background hum of street sounds, copies of The Suffragette, campaign banners, and photographs are all on display, together"

26.





Question Number

Answer

Keywords

Location in Passage

Text

26.

YES

programme begins, short film, devised by 'antis', suffragette, fierce harridan, bullying, husband

Paragraph 11, Line 8-14

"programme begins with a short film devised by the 'antis' — those opposed to women having the vote — depicting a suffragette as a fierce harridan bullying her poor, abused husband."

27.

D

achieved, conveys a sense of equality

Paragraph 13, Line 10-11, 17, 21

"achieved. It demonstrates how advanced the", "also conveys a sense of the", "equality. And it illustrates




READING PASSAGE 3

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27–40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 .


Measuring Organisational Performance


Question

Answer

Keywords

Location

Text

28

A (establish whether increased productivity should be sought at any cost)

experiment, designed to

Second paragraph, Last sentence

"The following is a description of an important study conducted by the Institute for Social Research designed to answer these questions."

29

C (had identical patterns of organisation)

four divisions

Third paragraph, First sentence

"The study covered 500 clerical employees in four parallel divisions. Each division was organised in exactly the same way, used the same technology, did exactly the same kind of work, and had employees of comparable aptitudes."

30

C (the staff involved spent a number of months preparing for the study)

before, experiment

Sixth paragraph, First two lines

"The experiment at the clerical level lasted for one year. Beforehand, several months were devoted to planning, and there was also a training period of approximately six months."

Question

Answer

Keywords

Location

Text

31

supervision

experiment, four divisions, two programmes, hierarchically controlled programme, participative programme, a period of one year, a different method, used, each programme

Last few lines of paragraph 7

"Turning now to the heart of the study, in two divisions an attempt was made to change the supervision so that the decision levels were pushed down and detailed supervision of the workers reduced."

32

productivity

throughout this time, calculated, weekly basis

Paragraph 6, Lines 2-3

"Productivity was measured continuously and computed weekly throughout the year."

33

reduced

participative programme, supervision, all workers

Beginning of paragraph 7

"Turning now to the heart of the study, in two divisions an attempt was made to change the supervision so that the decision levels were pushed down and detailed supervision of the workers reduced."

34

(group methods of) leadership

participative programme, supervisory staff, given, training

Paragraph 7, Lines 2-4

"More general supervision of the clerks and their supervisors was introduced. In addition, the managers, assistant managers, supervisors and assistant supervisors of these two divisions were trained in group methods of leadership."

35

overstaffed

hierarchically controlled programme, work groups, found to be, by 30%

Paragraph 8, Lines 5-6

"This showed that these divisions were overstaffed by about 30%."

36

cut

hierarchically controlled programme, work force, by 25%

Paragraph 8, Lines 6-7

"The general manager then ordered the managers of these two divisions to cut staff by 25%."

Question

Answer

Location

Text

37

C (Changes in productivity)

Results of the Experiment section, First paragraph

"Figure 1 shows the changes in salary costs per unit of work, which reflect the change in productivity that occurred in the divisions."

38

D (Employees’ feelings of responsibility towards completion of work)

Results of the Experiment section, Lines 1-2 of paragraph 4

"For example, Figure 2 shows that when more general supervision and increased participation were provided, the employees’ feeling of responsibility to see that the work got done increased."

39

G (Employees feel closer to their supervisors)

Final paragraph, First lines

"As Figure 3 shows, the employees in the participative programme at the end of the year felt that their manager and assistant manager were ‘closer to them’ than at the beginning of the year."

40

F (Employees’ opinion as to extent of personal support from management)

Final paragraph, Lines 3-5

"Moreover, as Figure 4 shows, employees in the participative programme felt that their supervisors were more likely to ‘pull’ for them, or for the company and them, and not be solely interested in the company, while in the hierarchically controlled programme, the opposite trend occurred."

 







 
 
 

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