Cambridge IELTS Academic 5 Reading Test 2 Answers with Explanation / IELTS Academic Reading: Cambridge 5 Test 2 Answer / Cambridge IELTS 5 Reading Test 2 Answers with Explanation

READING PASSAGE 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1.

Bakelite

Question Number	Answer	Keywords	Location in the Passage	Text Associated with Answer
1	candlewax	constituents, coal, oil	Para 2, line 4-5	"constituents of coal or oil. Some are 'thermoplastic', which means that, like candlewax, they melt when heated and can then be reshaped."
2	synthetic	thermosetting plastic	Para 2, last 2 lines	"cannot revert to their original viscous state, and their shape is thus fixed for ever. Bakelite had the distinction of being the first totally synthetic thermosetting plastic."
3	chemistry	technological progress	Para 3, line 2-4	"thermoplastic materials in the mid-nineteenth century. The impetus behind the development of these early plastics was generated by a number of factors – immense technological progress in the domain of chemistry..."
4	Novalak	wood, coal, kettle	Para 5, line 2-3	"(from wood or coal) were initially combined under vacuum inside a large egg-shaped kettle. The result was a resin known as Novalak, which became soluble and malleable when heated."
5	fillers	woodflour, asbestos, cotton	Para 5, line 5-6	"ground into powder. Other substances were then introduced: including fillers, such as woodflour, asbestos or cotton, which increase strength and moisture resistance, catalysts"
6	hexa	ammonia, formaldehyde	Para 5, line 7-8	"substances to speed up the reaction between two chemicals without joining to either) and hexa, a compound of ammonia and formaldehyde which supplied the additional"
7	raw	formaldehyde, cool	Para 5, line 9-10	"formaldehyde necessary to form a thermosetting resin. This resin was then left to cool and harden, and ground up a second time. The resulting granular powder was raw Bakelite, ready"
8	pressure	hollow mould, heat	Para 5, last 2 lines	"was poured into a hollow mould of the required shape and subjected to extreme heat and pressure, thereby 'setting' its form for life."
9	B	technical requirements	Para 6, line 2-4	"large extent by the technical requirements of the moulding process. The object could not be designed so that it was locked into the mould and therefore difficult to extract."
10	C	molten Bakelite	Para 6, line 5-6	"necessary the product was moulded in separate pieces. Moulds had to be carefully designed so that the molten Bakelite would flow evenly and completely into the mould. Sharp corners"
11	TRUE	Baekeland, patent	Para 4, last 3 lines	"making possible its preparation on a commercial basis. On 13 July 1907, Baekeland took out his famous patent describing this preparation, the essential features of which are still in use today."
12	FALSE	popularity	Para 7, first 2 lines	"Baekeland's invention, although  treated with disdain in its early years, went on to enjoy an unparalleled popularity which lasted throughout the first half of the twentieth century. It revolutionized various industries, and Bakelite products became widely used and admired for their versatility and durability."

Question Number	Answer	Keywords	Location in the Passage	Text Associated with Answer
13	FALSE	insulating, shades	Para 7, line 5-8	"promoted as being germ-free and sterilizable. Electrical manufacturers seized on its insulating properties, and consumers everywhere relished its dazzling array of shades, delighted that they were now, at last, no longer restricted to the wood tones and drab browns of the pre-plastic era. It then fell from favor again during the 1950s, and was despised and destroyed."

 

READING PASSAGE 2

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14–26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 .

What’s so funny

ANSWERS	KEYWORDS	LOCATIONS	EXPLANATIONS
14. FALSE	Arthur Koestler, biologically, important	Paragraph 1; last line	The writer Arthur Koestler dubbed it the luxury reflex: „unique in that it serves no apparent biological purpose. “no apparent biological purpose=not biologically important”
15. Not Given	Plato,above-average, intelligence	paragraph 2	Plato expressed the idea that humor is simply a delighted feeling of superiority over others. “feeling of superiority over other is given but whether it is the superiority of intelligence is not mentioned”
16. True	Kant, release, nervous energy	paragraph 2, line 3	“Kant and Freud felt that joke-telling relies on building up apsychic tension which is safely punctured by the ludicrousness of the punchline”. +release = punctured + nervous energy = psychic tension
17. False	ignored, Aristotle	paragraph 2; line 4	But most modern humour theorists have settled on some version of Aristotle’s belief that jokes are based on a reaction to or resolution of incongruity, when the punchline is either a nonsense or, though appearing silly, has a clever second meaning. “settled some version of Aristotle’s belief= not ignored Aristotle’s view on the subject”
18. True	Graeme Ritchie, artificial intelligence	paragraph 3; 1st sentence	Graeme Ritchie, a computational linguist in Edinburgh, ………………reasoning in machines. “artificial intelligence = reasoning in machines”
19. Not Given	personal situations, source of humour	paragraph 3; last sentence	A comedian will present a situation followed by an unexpected interpretation that is also apt”. This means there are a lot of different ways to tell a joke, for example, using a sudden, surprising/unexpected situation. “use of personal situation by comedians not mentioned”
20. True	chimpanzees, playing	Paragraph 5; line 4	Chimpanzees have a, play-face – a gaping expression accompanied by a panting ,ah,ah” noise. “play face= playing, ah, ah= particular noise”
21. problem solving	right prefrontal cortex, light up	paragraph 8; line 3	His scans showed that at the beginning of a joke the listener’s prefrontal cortex lit up, particularly the right prefrontal believed to be critical for problem solving. “Light up = lit up”
22. temporal lobes	active, too	paragraph 8; line 6	But there was also activity in the temporal lobes at the side of the head (consistent with attempts to rouse stored knowledge) and in many other brain areas. “active = activity, too = also”
23. evaluating information	orbital prefrontal cortex, activated	Paragraph 8; last sentence	Then when the punchline arrived, a new area sprang to life – the orbital prefrontal cortex. This patch of brain tucked behind the orbits of the eyes is associated with evaluating information. “activated = sprang to life, involved with = associated with, this= orbital prefrontal cortex”
24. C	brain, most difficult task	paragraph 9; line	Making a rapid emotional assessment of the events of the moment is an extremely demanding job for the brain, animal or human. “extremely= most, difficult task= demanding jobs”
25. A	language, developed	paragraph 10; line	All warm-blooded animals make constant tiny adjustments …………………….but humans, who have developed a much more complicated internal life as a result of language respond emotionally not only to their surroundings but to their own thoughts. “react to their own thoughts react = respond”
26. F	individual, responses, humour	paragraph 10; line	Whether a joke gives pleasure or pain depends on a person’s outlook. “a person’s subjective views = a person’s outlook”
27. D	Peter Derks	Paragraph 11; last sentence	If we can figure out how the mind processes humour, then we’ll have a pretty good handle on how it works in general. “figure out ….good handle on how it works= information about the operation of the brain”

READING PASSAGE 3

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27–40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 .

The birth of scientific English

Question Number	Answer	Keywords	Location in the Passage	Text Associated with Answer
28	Latin	science, write, English, 17th century	Para 1, last 5 lines	"surprising that no one really knew how to write science in English before the 17th century. Before that, Latin was regarded..."
29	doctors	social distinction, gentlemen, Latin	Para 5, line 13-28	"science and commercial exploitation. There was something of a social distinction between 'scholars and gentlemen' who understood Latin..."
30	technical vocabulary	English, deal, scientific argument	Para 7, line 5-8	"English was not well equipped to deal with scientific argument. First, it lacked the necessary technical vocabulary..."
31	grammatical resources	English, deal, scientific argument	Para 7, line 5-8	"English was not well equipped to deal with scientific argument. Second, it lacked the grammatical resources required..."
32	Royal Society	interests, language, John Wallis	Para 3, line 5-8	"interests in language — John Wallis and John Wilkins — helped found the Royal Society in 1660 in order to promote empirical scientific research."
33	German	momentum, leading European language	Para 10, line 3-6	"English. In the following century much of this momentum was lost as German established itself as the leading European language of science."
34	industrial revolution	lexical growth, new technical vocabulary	Para 10, last 7 lines	"England. However, in the 19th century scientific English again enjoyed substantial lexical growth as the industrial revolution created the need for new technical vocabulary..."
35	NOT GIVEN	N/A	N/A	N/A
36	FALSE	scientific developments, magnetism	Para 2, line 12-16	"to India, was supported by scientific developments such as the discovery of magnetism..."
37	TRUE	foster, publication, science in English	Para 8, line 4-10	"projects. Although a proposal in 1664 to establish a committee for improving the English language came to little, the society’s members did a great deal to foster the publication of science in English..."
38	popular	national languages, popular works	Para 4, line 3-9	"traditions of science. In the initial stages of the scientific revolution, most publications in the national languages were popular works..."
39	Principia	Newton, mathematical treatise	Para 4, last 5 lines	"For example, Newton published his mathematical treatise, known as the Principia, in Latin..."
40	local	Latin, international audience	Para 5, last 5 lines	"Latin was suitable for an international audience of scholars, whereas English reached a socially wider, but more local, audience..."