Cambridge IELTS Academic 5 Reading Test 4 Answers with Explanation / IELTS Academic Reading: Cambridge 5 Test 4 Answer / Cambridge IELTS 4 Reading Test 4 Answers with Explanation

READING PASSAGE 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1.

The Impact of Wilderness Tourism

 

Question Number	Answer	Keywords	Location in the Passage	Text Associated with Answer
1	iii	wilderness, tourism, booming	Para 1, First 3 lines	"The market for tourism in remote areas is booming as never before. Countries all across the world are actively promoting their 'wilderness' regions — such as mountains, Arctic lands, deserts, small islands and wetlands — to high-spending"
2	v	main tourist destination, local community	Para 1, First 2 lines	"Once a location is established as a main tourist destination, the effects on the local community are profound. When hill-farmers, for example, can make more money"
3	ii	reinvigorating local cultures	Para 1, Last 4 lines	"can be minimized. Indeed, it can even be a vehicle for reinvigorating local cultures, as has happened with the Sherpas of Nepal’s Khumbu Valley and in some Alpine villages. And a growing number of adventure tourism operators are trying to ensure that their activities benefit the local population and environment over the long term"
4	YES	wilderness tourism, cost	Part A, Para 1, Line 4-5	"tourists. The attraction of these areas is obvious: by definition, wilderness tourism requires little or no initial investment. But that does not mean that there is no cost"
5	YES	fragile, ecology, culture	Part A, Para 1, Line 6-8	"As the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development recognized, these regions are fragile (i.e., highly vulnerable to abnormal pressures) not just in terms of their ecology, but also in terms of the culture of their inhabitants"
6	NO	Arctic areas, seasonality	Part A, Para 1, Line 11-12	"Arctic areas. An important characteristic is their marked seasonality, with harsh conditions prevailing for many months each year. Consequently, most human"
7	YES	decline in farm output, local diet	Part B, Para 1, Line 5-6	"farm-work, which is thus left to other members of the family. In some hill-regions. this has led to a serious decline in farm output and a change in the local diet"
8	NO	hunting, fishing, fruit	Part B, Para 2, First 2 lines	"In Arctic and desert societies, year-round survival has traditionally depended on hunting animals and fish and collecting Fruit over a relatively short season"
9	NOT GIVEN	-	-	-
10	'cheese'	second home developments, Swiss Pays d‘Enhaut	Part C, Para 2, Line 3-5	"the rising number of second home developments In the Swiss Pays d‘Enhaut resulted in limits being imposed on their growth. There has also been a renaissance in communal cheese production in the area. providing the locals with"
11	'tour/tourist/tourism'	Arctic communities, tour businesses	Part C, Para 3, Line 3-4	"their home base. But some Arctic communities are now operating tour businesses themselves, thereby ensuring that the benefits accrue locally. For instance, a

Question Number	Answer	Keywords	Location in the Passage	Text Associated with Answer
11	'tour/tourist/tourism'	Arctic communities, tour businesses	Part C, Para 3, Line 3-4	"their home base. But some Arctic communities are now operating tour businesses themselves, thereby ensuring that the benefits accrue locally. For instance, a native"
12	'pottery'	handicrafts, artwork	Part C, Para 4, Last 3 lines	"purchase high-quality handicrafts and artwork. The Acoma and San Ildefonso pueblos have established highly profitable pottery businesses, while the Navajo"
13	'jewellery'	jewellery	Part C, Para 4, Last 2 lines	"pueblos have established highly profitable pottery businesses, while the Navajo and Hopi groups have been similarly successful with jewellery"

READING PASSAGE 2

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14–26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 .

Disappearing Delta

Question No.	Answer	Keywords	Location	Explanation
14	G (claims that nickel sulphide failure is very unusual)	Brian Waldron	Paragraph 2	Brian Waldron mentions that the glass industry is aware of the issue but insists that cases are rare. 'It’s a very rare phenomenon,' he says. Here, 'very rare phenomenon' means 'very unusual.'
15	A (suggests that publicity about nickel sulphide failure has been suppressed)	Trevor Ford	Paragraph 3, lines 10-14	Trevor Ford, a glass expert, states that 'What you hear is only the tip of the iceberg' and that 'No-one wants bad press.' This suggests that publicity about nickel sulphide failure has been suppressed.
16	H (refers to the most extreme case of delayed failure)	Graham Dodd	Paragraph 8, lines 6-15	Graham Dodd describes a case where the oldest pane of toughened glass failed due to nickel sulphide inclusions after 27 years. This represents the most extreme case of delayed failure.
17	C (closely examined all the glass in one building)	John Barry	Paragraph 10, lines 7-12	John Barry analyzed every glass pane in a building using a studio camera and a photographer in a cradle to take photos. This indicates that he closely examined all the glass in one building.
18	F (sharp)	Toughened glass, favoured by architects, much stronger than ordinary glass, fragments not as	Paragraph 4, lines 4-11	Toughened glass is five times stronger than standard glass and shatters into tiny cubes instead of large, razor-sharp shards. 'Rather than large, razor-sharp shards' means the fragments are not as sharp when it breaks.
19	I (unexpectedly)	One disadvantage, can shatter	Paragraph 8, lines 4-5	The passage states that 'the stresses this unleashes can shatter the whole sheet' and that 'the time that elapses before failure occurs is unpredictable.' This means it can shatter unexpectedly.
20	C (quickly)	Manufacturing process, heated, then cooled, very	Paragraph 5	The passage explains that ordinary glass is heated to about 620°C and then rapidly cooled with jets of cold air. 'Rapidly' means 'quickly.'
21	K (contracts)	Outer layer, before, inner layer, tension, makes glass stronger	Paragraph 5, lines 5-11	The outer layer solidifies before the inner layer, creating tension that strengthens the glass. 'Before the interior' means 'before the inner layer,' and the outer layer contracts.
22	E (warm)	Nickel sulphide impurities, crystals, unstable, expand suddenly, weather	Paragraph 6 & Paragraph 8, lines 5-10	When the glass is heated, nickel sulphide forms crystals that can expand suddenly, especially if the glass is heated by sunlight. 'Sunlight' suggests 'warm weather.'
23	L (disputed)	Frequency of such problems, by glass experts	Paragraph 8 & Paragraph 9	There is disagreement among experts about the frequency of nickel sulphide failures. One expert states failures occur after a long time, while another suggests they occur more frequently. This indicates the issue is 'disputed.'
24	TRUE	Little doubt, reason, Bishops Walk accident	Paragraph 1, last line	The passage states that 'they found that minute crystals of nickel sulphide trapped inside the glass had almost certainly caused the failure.' 'Almost certainly' means 'little doubt.'
25	NOT GIVEN	Toughened glass, same appearance, ordinary glass	-	The passage does not compare the appearance of toughened glass with ordinary glass.
26	FALSE	Plenty of documented evidence, incidence, nickel sulphide failure	Paragraph 9, first lines	The passage states that 'Data showing the scale of the nickel sulphide problem is almost impossible to find,' meaning there is not enough documented evidence.

READING PASSAGE 3

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27–40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 .

The Effects of Light on Plant and Animals Species

Answer	Keywords	Location	Explanation
27 true	scientific evidence, support, photoperiodism	Para 2, line 5	Scan for the keywords and synonym keywords: experimental evidence = scientific evidence, considerable = plenty of.Now read this line,”The seasonal impact of day length on physiological responses is called photoperiodism, and the amount of experimental evidence for this phenomenon is considerable. .. .. .”The amount of experimental evidence for this phenomenon is considerable means There is plenty of scientific evidence to support photoperiodism.
28 true	bird, encouraged, breed out of season	Para 2, line 7	Now read this line, “For example, some species of birds’ breeding can be induced even in midwinter simply by increasing day length artificially (Wolfson 1964)”Here, some species of birds = some types of bird, induced = encouraged, even in midwinter = out of season.
29 not given	Photoperiodism, restricted, certain geographic areas,		There is no information of any geographical restriction of photoperiodism.
30 false	desert annuals, examples, long-day plants,	Para 4, last line	Now read this line, “For example, desert annuals germinate, flower and seed whenever suitable rainfall occurs, regardless of the day length.”Meaning that desert annuals are examples of day-neutral plants, NOT long-day plants.
31 false	bamboos, flower, several times, during, life cycle	Para 5	Now read this “Bamboos are perennial grasses that remain in a vegetative state for many years and then suddenly flower, fruit and die (Evans 1976). … ..”Which mean that Bamboos flower only once in their life, then die
32 true	Chusquea abietifolia’s seasonal rhythm	para 5	Now read this line, “The climatic trigger for this flowering cycle is not yet known, but the adaptive significance is clear.”Here this flowering cycle mean Chusquea abietifolia’s seasonal rhythm and not known yet implies that Scientists have yet to determine.
33 false	Eastern hemlock, fast-growing plant	Last para	Now read these lines, “1. Shade-tolerant plants have lower photosynthetic rates  and hence have lower growth rates than those of shade-intolerant species”, and “2. For example, eastern hemlock seedlings are shade-tolerant.”It means that As eastern hemlock is shade-tolerant plant, it has lower growth rate (slow-growing plant).
34 temperatures	day length, useful cue, unpredictable,	Para 2, line 2	Now read this line, “Day length is an excellent cue, because it provides a perfectly predictable pattern of change within the year. In the temperate zone in spring, temperatures fluctuate greatly from day to day, but day length increases steadily by a predictable amount.What are unpredictable?temperatures fluctuate greatly from day to day. Here,fluctuate greatly from day to day = unpredictable.
35 day-neutral (plants)	plants, do not respond, light levels	Para 2	Now read this line, “Plants which flower after a period of vegetative growth,  regardless of photo-period, are known as day-neutral plants”Here, regardless means do not respond and known as means referred to as.
36 (adequate) food (resources)	birds, temperature climates, associate, longer days, nesting	Para 3, line 4	Now read this line, “Thus many temperate-zone birds use the increasing day lengths in spring as a cue to begin the nesting cycle, because this is a point when adequate food resources will be assured.” adequate food resources will be assured means that the availability of adequate food resources
37 fertilization/fertilisation by insects	plants, flower, days are long, often, depend on,	Para 4, line 3	Now read this line, “Long-day plants are adapted for situations that require fertilization by insects, or a long period of seed ripening”require fertilization by insects means depends on (fertilization/fertilisation by) insect
38 rainfall	desert annuals, respond, as a signal, reproduction	Para 4	Keywords for the question: ,      The answer can be found in the last lines paragraph no. 4, “For example, desert annuals germinate, flower and seed whenever suitable rainfall occurs, regardless of the day length”Means that desert annuals respond to suitable rainfall.
39 sugarcane	photosynthetic rate, plants	Para 6, last lines	Now read this line, ” Some plants reach maximum photosynthesis at one quarter full sunlight, and others, like sugarcane, never reach maximum, but continue to increase photosynthesis rate as light intensity rises.”Here, like sugarcane means such as sugarcane.
40 classification	plants in forestry and horticulture,