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Cambridge IELTS Academic 5 Reading Test 4 Answers with Explanation / IELTS Academic Reading: Cambridge 5 Test 4 Answer / Cambridge IELTS 4 Reading Test 4 Answers with Explanation

Writer: Fakhruddin BabarFakhruddin Babar

READING PASSAGE 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1.

 

The Impact of Wilderness Tourism

 

Question Number

Answer

Keywords

Location in the Passage

Text Associated with Answer

1

iii

wilderness, tourism, booming

Para 1, First 3 lines

"The market for tourism in remote areas is booming as never before. Countries all across the world are actively promoting their 'wilderness' regions — such as mountains, Arctic lands, deserts, small islands and wetlands — to high-spending"

2

v

main tourist destination, local community

Para 1, First 2 lines

"Once a location is established as a main tourist destination, the effects on the local community are profound. When hill-farmers, for example, can make more money"

3

ii

reinvigorating local cultures

Para 1, Last 4 lines

"can be minimized. Indeed, it can even be a vehicle for reinvigorating local cultures, as has happened with the Sherpas of Nepal’s Khumbu Valley and in some Alpine villages. And a growing number of adventure tourism operators are trying to ensure that their activities benefit the local population and environment over the long term"

4

YES

wilderness tourism, cost

Part A, Para 1, Line 4-5

"tourists. The attraction of these areas is obvious: by definition, wilderness tourism requires little or no initial investment. But that does not mean that there is no cost"

5

YES

fragile, ecology, culture

Part A, Para 1, Line 6-8

"As the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development recognized, these regions are fragile (i.e., highly vulnerable to abnormal pressures) not just in terms of their ecology, but also in terms of the culture of their inhabitants"

6

NO

Arctic areas, seasonality

Part A, Para 1, Line 11-12

"Arctic areas. An important characteristic is their marked seasonality, with harsh conditions prevailing for many months each year. Consequently, most human"

7

YES

decline in farm output, local diet

Part B, Para 1, Line 5-6

"farm-work, which is thus left to other members of the family. In some hill-regions. this has led to a serious decline in farm output and a change in the local diet"

8

NO

hunting, fishing, fruit

Part B, Para 2, First 2 lines

"In Arctic and desert societies, year-round survival has traditionally depended on hunting animals and fish and collecting Fruit over a relatively short season"

9

NOT GIVEN

-

-

-

10

'cheese'

second home developments, Swiss Pays d‘Enhaut

Part C, Para 2, Line 3-5

"the rising number of second home developments In the Swiss Pays d‘Enhaut resulted in limits being imposed on their growth. There has also been a renaissance in communal cheese production in the area. providing the locals with"

11

'tour/tourist/tourism'

Arctic communities, tour businesses

Part C, Para 3, Line 3-4

"their home base. But some Arctic communities are now operating tour businesses themselves, thereby ensuring that the benefits accrue locally. For instance, a

 

Question Number

Answer

Keywords

Location in the Passage

Text Associated with Answer

11

'tour/tourist/tourism'

Arctic communities, tour businesses

Part C, Para 3, Line 3-4

"their home base. But some Arctic communities are now operating tour businesses themselves, thereby ensuring that the benefits accrue locally. For instance, a native"

12

'pottery'

handicrafts, artwork

Part C, Para 4, Last 3 lines

"purchase high-quality handicrafts and artwork. The Acoma and San Ildefonso pueblos have established highly profitable pottery businesses, while the Navajo"

13

'jewellery'

jewellery

Part C, Para 4, Last 2 lines

"pueblos have established highly profitable pottery businesses, while the Navajo and Hopi groups have been similarly successful with jewellery"



READING PASSAGE 2

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14–26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 .


Disappearing Delta


Question No.

Answer

Keywords

Location

Explanation

14

G (claims that nickel sulphide failure is very unusual)

Brian Waldron

Paragraph 2

Brian Waldron mentions that the glass industry is aware of the issue but insists that cases are rare. 'It’s a very rare phenomenon,' he says. Here, 'very rare phenomenon' means 'very unusual.'

15

A (suggests that publicity about nickel sulphide failure has been suppressed)

Trevor Ford

Paragraph 3, lines 10-14

Trevor Ford, a glass expert, states that 'What you hear is only the tip of the iceberg' and that 'No-one wants bad press.' This suggests that publicity about nickel sulphide failure has been suppressed.

16

H (refers to the most extreme case of delayed failure)

Graham Dodd

Paragraph 8, lines 6-15

Graham Dodd describes a case where the oldest pane of toughened glass failed due to nickel sulphide inclusions after 27 years. This represents the most extreme case of delayed failure.

17

C (closely examined all the glass in one building)

John Barry

Paragraph 10, lines 7-12

John Barry analyzed every glass pane in a building using a studio camera and a photographer in a cradle to take photos. This indicates that he closely examined all the glass in one building.

18

F (sharp)

Toughened glass, favoured by architects, much stronger than ordinary glass, fragments not as

Paragraph 4, lines 4-11

Toughened glass is five times stronger than standard glass and shatters into tiny cubes instead of large, razor-sharp shards. 'Rather than large, razor-sharp shards' means the fragments are not as sharp when it breaks.

19

I (unexpectedly)

One disadvantage, can shatter

Paragraph 8, lines 4-5

The passage states that 'the stresses this unleashes can shatter the whole sheet' and that 'the time that elapses before failure occurs is unpredictable.' This means it can shatter unexpectedly.

20

C (quickly)

Manufacturing process, heated, then cooled, very

Paragraph 5

The passage explains that ordinary glass is heated to about 620°C and then rapidly cooled with jets of cold air. 'Rapidly' means 'quickly.'

21

K (contracts)

Outer layer, before, inner layer, tension, makes glass stronger

Paragraph 5, lines 5-11

The outer layer solidifies before the inner layer, creating tension that strengthens the glass. 'Before the interior' means 'before the inner layer,' and the outer layer contracts.

22

E (warm)

Nickel sulphide impurities, crystals, unstable, expand suddenly, weather

Paragraph 6 & Paragraph 8, lines 5-10

When the glass is heated, nickel sulphide forms crystals that can expand suddenly, especially if the glass is heated by sunlight. 'Sunlight' suggests 'warm weather.'

23

L (disputed)

Frequency of such problems, by glass experts

Paragraph 8 & Paragraph 9

There is disagreement among experts about the frequency of nickel sulphide failures. One expert states failures occur after a long time, while another suggests they occur more frequently. This indicates the issue is 'disputed.'

24

TRUE

Little doubt, reason, Bishops Walk accident

Paragraph 1, last line

The passage states that 'they found that minute crystals of nickel sulphide trapped inside the glass had almost certainly caused the failure.' 'Almost certainly' means 'little doubt.'

25

NOT GIVEN

Toughened glass, same appearance, ordinary glass

-

The passage does not compare the appearance of toughened glass with ordinary glass.

26

FALSE

Plenty of documented evidence, incidence, nickel sulphide failure

Paragraph 9, first lines

The passage states that 'Data showing the scale of the nickel sulphide problem is almost impossible to find,' meaning there is not enough documented evidence.





READING PASSAGE 3

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27–40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 .


The Effects of Light on Plant and Animals Species

 

 

Keywords

Location

Explanation

27 true

scientific evidence, support, photoperiodism

Para 2, line 5

Scan for the keywords and synonym keywords: experimental evidence = scientific evidence, considerable = plenty of.Now read this line,”The seasonal impact of day length on physiological responses is called photoperiodism, and the amount of experimental evidence for this phenomenon is considerable. .. .. .”The amount of experimental evidence for this phenomenon is considerable means There is plenty of scientific evidence to support photoperiodism.

28 true

bird, encouraged, breed out of season

Para 2, line 7

Now read this line, “For example, some species of birds’ breeding can be induced even in midwinter simply by increasing day length artificially (Wolfson 1964)”Here, some species of birds = some types of bird, induced = encouraged, even in midwinter = out of season.

29 not given

Photoperiodism, restricted, certain geographic areas,


There is no information of any geographical restriction of photoperiodism.

30 false

desert annuals, examples, long-day plants,

Para 4, last line

Now read this line, “For example, desert annuals germinate, flower and seed whenever suitable rainfall occurs, regardless of the day length.”Meaning that desert annuals are examples of day-neutral plants, NOT long-day plants.

31 false

bamboos, flower, several times, during, life cycle

Para 5

Now read this “Bamboos are perennial grasses that remain in a vegetative state for many years and then suddenly flower, fruit and die (Evans 1976). … ..”Which mean that Bamboos flower only once in their life, then die

32 true

Chusquea abietifolia’s seasonal rhythm

para 5

Now read this line, “The climatic trigger for this flowering cycle is not yet known, but the adaptive significance is clear.”Here this flowering cycle mean Chusquea abietifolia’s seasonal rhythm and not known yet implies that Scientists have yet to determine.

33 false

Eastern hemlock, fast-growing plant

Last para

Now read these lines, “1. Shade-tolerant plants have lower photosynthetic rates  and hence have lower growth rates than those of shade-intolerant species”, and “2. For example, eastern hemlock seedlings are shade-tolerant.”It means that As eastern hemlock is shade-tolerant plant, it has lower growth rate (slow-growing plant).

34 temperatures

day length, useful cue, unpredictable,

Para 2, line 2

Now read this line, “Day length is an excellent cue, because it provides a perfectly predictable pattern of change within the year. In the temperate zone in spring, temperatures fluctuate greatly from day to day, but day length increases steadily by a predictable amount.What are unpredictable?temperatures fluctuate greatly from day to day. Here,fluctuate greatly from day to day = unpredictable.

35 day-neutral (plants)

plants, do not respond, light levels

Para 2

Now read this line, “Plants which flower after a period of vegetative growth,  regardless of photo-period, are known as day-neutral plants”Here, regardless means do not respond and known as means referred to as.

36 (adequate) food (resources)   

birds, temperature climates, associate, longer days, nesting

Para 3, line 4

Now read this line, “Thus many temperate-zone birds use the increasing day lengths in spring as a cue to begin the nesting cycle, because this is a point when adequate food resources will be assured.” adequate food resources will be assured means that the availability of adequate food resources

37 fertilization/fertilisation by insects

plants, flower, days are long, often, depend on,

Para 4, line 3

Now read this line, “Long-day plants are adapted for situations that require fertilization by insects, or a long period of seed ripening”require fertilization by insects means depends on (fertilization/fertilisation by) insect

38 rainfall

desert annuals, respond, as a signal, reproduction

Para 4

Keywords for the question: ,      The answer can be found in the last lines paragraph no. 4, “For example, desert annuals germinate, flower and seed whenever suitable rainfall occurs, regardless of the day length”Means that desert annuals respond to suitable rainfall.

39 sugarcane

photosynthetic rate, plants

Para 6, last lines

Now read this line, ” Some plants reach maximum photosynthesis at one quarter full sunlight, and others, like sugarcane, never reach maximum, but continue to increase photosynthesis rate as light intensity rises.”Here, like sugarcane means such as sugarcane.   

40 classification

plants in forestry and horticulture,









 
 
 

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