READING PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1.
Australia’s Sporting Success
Question Number | Answer | Keywords | Location in the Passage | Text Associated with Answer |
1 | B | academies, sports scientists | Para B, First 4 lines | "Inside the academies, science takes centre stage. The AIS employs more than I00 sports scientists and doctors" |
2 | C | SWAN system, swimmer's performance | Para C, Last 5 lines | "system now used in Australian national competitions. It collects images from digital cameras running at 50 frames a second and breaks down each part of a swimmer’s performance into factors that can be analysed individually" |
3 | B | coaches, athlete improvement | Para B, Last 4 lines | "‘We can’t waste our time looking at ethereal scientific questions that don’t help the coach work with an athlete and improve performance.‘ says Peter Fricker, chief of science at AIS." |
4 | F | coolant-lined jackets, altitude tent | Para F, First 5 lines | "Of course, there’s nothing to stop other countries copying – and many have tried. Some years ago, the AIS unveiled coolant-lined jackets for endurance athletes. At the Atlanta Olympic Games in l996.these sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists‘ and rowers’ times." |
5 | D | immunoglobulin A test, athlete's health | Para D, Last 6 lines | "the example of athletes who may be down with coughs and colds 11 or 12 times a year. After years of experimentation, AIS and the University of Newcastle in New South Wales developed a test that measures how much of the immune-system protein immunoglobulin A is present in athletes’ saliva." |
6 | A | coaches, training facilities | Para A, Last 3 lines | "pros live and train under the eyes of coaches. Another body, the Australian Sports Commission (ASC), finances programmes of excellence in a total of 96 sports for thousands of sportsmen and women." |
7 | E | competition model, winning times | Para E, First 3 lines | "Using data is a complex business. Well before a championship, sports scientists and coaches start to prepare the athlete by developing a ‗competition model‘, based on what they expect will be the winning times." |
8 | A | SWAN system, Australian national competitions | Para C, Line 11-12 | "contribution to sport also includes the development of the SWAN (SWimming ANalysis) system now used in Australian national competitions." |
9 | B | unobtrusive sensors, athlete's clothes/shoes | Para D, Line 6-7 | "With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro Technology in Melbourne, they are developing unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athlete’s clothes or running shoes." |
10 | A | immunoglobulin A test, training adjustment | Para D, Line 11-13 | "years of experimentation, AIS and the University of Newcastle in New South Wales developed a test that measures how much of the immune-system protein immunoglobulin A is present in athletes’ saliva. If lgA levels suddenly fall below a certain level, training is eased or dropped altogether." |
11 | C | coolant-lined jackets, altitude tent | Para F, Line 2-5 | "ago, the AIS unveiled coolant-lined jackets for endurance athletes. At the Atlanta Olympic Games in l996, these sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists‘ and rowers’ times." | |
Question Number | Answer | Keywords | Location in the Passage | Text Associated with Answer |
12 | (a) competition model | Para E, First 2 lines | Para E, First 2 lines | | "Using data is a complex business. Well before a championship, sports scientists and coaches start to prepare the athlete by developing a ‘competition model‘, based on what they expect" |
13 | (by) 2% | Para F, Line 2-3 | Para F, Line 2-3 | "ago, the AIS unveiled coolant-lined jackets for endurance athletes. At the Atlanta Olympic Games in l996, these sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists‘ an |
READING PASSAGE 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14–26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 .
Delivering the goods
Keywords | Paragraph | Explanation | |
14. I | suggestion, improving trade | I | The writer talks about the barriers in transportation in most countries with a conclusion of -Bringing these barriers down would help the world’s economies grow even closer. · Would= verb used for giving suggestion |
15. F | electronic delivery | F | Computer software can be exported without ever ………..become insignificant factors in deciding where to make the product. · simply by transmitting it over telephone lines = electronic delivery · so freight rates and cargo-handling schedules become insignificant factors in deciding where to make the product = the effects |
16. E | cost, abroad, local supplier | E | Computer manufacturers in Japan or Texas will not face hugely bigger freight bills if they import drives from Singapore rather than purchasing them on the domestic market. · a local supplier = the domestic market |
17. D | value of goods, cost of delivery | D | As a result, less transportation is required to every dollar‟s worth of imports or exports. · goods whose worth is unrelated to their size and weight = the price of some goods does not match with their size and weight |
18. TRUE | International trade ,world economy | A | While the global economy has been expanding at a bit over 3% a year, the volume of trade has been rising at a compound annual rate of about twice that. · the world economy = the global economy · to increase = to expand = to rise |
19. FALSE | cheap, labour | B | Cheap labour may make Chinese clothing competitive in America, but if delays in shipment tie up working capital and cause winter coats to arrive in spring, trade may lose its advantages. · meaning that cheap labour may work as a contributory factor but it cannot guarantee an effective trade condition; delivery in proper time guarantees that |
20. NOT GIVEN | Japan, meat and steel, France | C | there is no information about whether Japan imports more meat and steel than France, because the countries are not compared with each other. |
21. TRUE | countries, nearby nations | D | Countries still trade disproportionately with their geographic neighbours. · nearby nations = geographic neighbours |
22. NOT GIVEN | computer components, Germany | E | Germany is not mentioned throughout the paragraph |
23. trade | cargo-handling, moving freight | D | Today, it is finished manufactured products that dominate the flow ……..manufactured goods themselves have tended to become lighter and less bulky. · dominate = significant effect · streamlined = manufactured goods themselves have tended to become lighter and less bulky · technological advances = modern cargo-handling methods
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24. components | Manufacturers of computers | E | . . . Computer manufacturers in Japan or Texas will not face hugely bigger freight bills if they import drives from Singapore rather than purchasing them on the domestic market. · Computer manufacturers in Japan = manufacturers of computers · drives = components, Singapore = overseas · domestic market = local supplier |
25. container ships | bulk cargo, safely and efficiently moved | G | The invention of the container crane made it possible to load and unload containers without capsizing the ship and the adoption of standard container sizes allowed almost any box to be transported on any ship. · the invention of the container crane = the introduction of container ships with crane · without capsizing = safely and efficiently |
26. tariffs | governments, domestic cargo sector | H | In this paragraph writer explains how lowering truck and railroad tariffs can increase productivity and suggests that the government should reduce. |
READING PASSAGE 3
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27–40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 .
Climate change and the Inuit
Keyword | Paragraph | Explanation | |
27 i | B | In Canada, where the Inuit people are …….environment lies in combining their ancestral knowledge with the best of modern science. · The whole paragraph indicates how Inuit people react to climate change | |
28 vi | C | The Canadian Arctic is a vast, treeless polar desert …….anyone who calls this home. · The paragraph is about the hardship of life because of environment | |
29 iii | D | Provisions available in local shops have to be ……supply ship during the few ice-free weeks of summer. · Not only natural resources but alternative sources of essential supplies are mentioned- eg can be bought in shop | |
30 vii | E | While the Inuit may not actually starve if hunting and trapping are curtailed by climate change, there has certainly been an impact on people’s health. …… · This paragraph explains the negative impacts | |
31 iv | F | And Western scientists are starting to draw on this wisdom,….’In the early days scientists ignored ……But in recent years IQ has had much more credibility and weight. · Value of Inuit wisdom has changed from nothing to much more credibility | |
32 ii | G | There are still huge gaps in our environmental knowledge,……are no more than best guesses · There are still huge gap= limited understanding | |
33 farming | impossible, a means | C | Farming is out of the question and nature offers meagre pickings. · impossible = out of the question |
34 sea mammals | rely on , catching | C | Humans first settled in the Arctic a mere 4,500 years ago, surviving by exploiting sea mammals and fish. · catching = exploiting |
35 fish | rely on , catching | C | Humans first settled in the Arctic a mere 4,500 years ago, surviving by exploiting sea mammals and fish. |
36 Thule | environment, unmanageable | C | These Thule people moved in from Alaska, bringing kayaks, sleds, dogs, pottery and iron tools. They…. · They= Thule people |
37 islands | Nuvanut, ice, rock and | D | Nunavut is 1.9 million square kilometres of rock and ice, and a handful of islands around the North Pole. · a few = a handful of |
38 nomadic | give up, lifestyle, | D | Over the past 40 years, most have abandoned their nomadic waysand settled in the territory’s 28 isolated communities, · give up = abandon |
39 nature | food and clothes. | D | ……but they still rely heavily on nature to provide food and clothing. · depend (mainly) on = rely (heavily) on |
40 Imported | expensive | D | It would cost a family around £7,000 a year to replace meat they obtained themselves through hunting with imported meat. · amount of £7,000= expensive |
Fantastic!