READING PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1.
Advantages of public transport
Matching Headings (1-5)
Question No. | Answer | Keywords | Location | Explanation |
1 | ii (A successful exercise in people power) | politics, democracy, transport decision | Paragraph A, Lines 1-6 | The writer explains how public involvement led to a successful shift from road construction to rail transport, demonstrating the power of democracy. |
2 | vii (Increases in travelling time) | commuting, time, congestion | Paragraph B, Lines 1 & 7-8 | The passage states that commuting times were stable for centuries but have now increased due to congestion. |
3 | iv (Higher incomes need not mean more cars) | wealth, car use, Europe vs. America | Paragraph C, Lines 1-3 | The passage contrasts Europe and the U.S., showing that higher wealth does not always result in more car use. |
4 | i (Avoiding an overcrowded centre) | city centre, urban planning, Melbourne | Paragraph D, Lines 2-3 | The passage states that concentrating everyone in the city centre is not the best approach. |
5 | iii (The benefits of working together in cities) | creativity, collaboration, cities | Paragraph E, Lines 4-6 | The passage explains how face-to-face interaction in cities fosters creativity. |
True, False, Not Given (6-10)
Question No. | Answer | Keywords | Location | Explanation |
6 | FALSE | ISTP, study, every city in the world | Paragraph 1, Lines 1-3 | The study compared transport in 37 cities, not every city. |
7 | TRUE | efficient cities, quality of life | Paragraph 1, Last Lines | The passage states that efficient cities attract industry and improve living conditions. |
8 | NOT GIVEN | inner-city tram, danger, car drivers | Paragraph 3 | The passage mentions Melbourne’s tram network but does not discuss its danger to drivers. |
9 | FALSE | Melbourne, prefer outer suburbs | Paragraph 3, Last Lines | The passage states that demand for inner suburbs has increased, meaning people prefer to live there. |
10 | TRUE | bicycle use, efficiency, public transport average | Paragraph 5, Lines 1-3 | The passage states that Amsterdam and Copenhagen are efficient despite only having reasonable public transport. |
Matching Places with Descriptions (11-13)
Question No. | Answer | Keywords | Location | Explanation |
11 | F (inefficient due to a limited public transport system) | Perth, public transport, costs | Paragraph 2, Lines 1-3 | The passage states that Perth has minimal public transport, making it inefficient. |
12 | D (hilly and inappropriate for rail transport system) | Auckland, hills, rail difficulties | Paragraph 7, Lines 2-3 | The passage states that Auckland’s landscape makes rail transport difficult to develop. |
13 | C (profitably moved from road to light rail transport system) | Portland, road vs. rail, referendum | Paragraph A, Lines 2-5 | The passage describes how local action shifted investment from roads to light rail, which became successful. |
READING PASSAGE 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14–26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 .
GREYING POPULATION STAYS IN THE PINK
Question No. | Answer | Keywords | Location | Explanation |
14 | B (falling) | research, United States, proportion, people over 65, suffering from, most common age-related medical problems, speed, change | Paragraph 2, Lines 1-6 | "Researchers say arthritis, high blood pressure, and circulation problems... are troubling a smaller proportion every year." "Are declining" = falling (B). |
15 | I (increasing) | research, United States, proportion, people over 65, suffering from, most common age-related medical problems, speed, change | Paragraph 2, Lines 1-6 | "The data confirms that the rate at which these diseases are declining continues to accelerate." "To accelerate" = the speed is increasing (I). |
16 | F (later) | seems, these diseases, affecting people, in life, than, in the past | Paragraph 3, Lines 2-3 | "The problems doctors accepted as normal in a 65-year-old in 1982 are often not appearing until people are 70 or 75." "Often not appearing until 70 or 75" = affecting people later (F). |
17 | M (medicine) | largely, due to, developments, but, other factors such as, improved, may be, playing a part | Paragraph 4, Lines 1-4 | "Certain diseases are beating a retreat in the face of medical advances." "Medical advances" = developments in medicine (M). |
18 | J (nutrition) | largely, due to, developments, but, other factors such as, improved, may be, playing a part | Paragraph 4, Lines 1-4 | "Improvements in childhood nutrition... gave today’s elderly people a better start." "Improvements in childhood nutrition" = improved nutrition (J). |
19 | N (pollution) | increases, some other illnesses, may be, due to, changes, personal habits | Paragraph 5, Lines 1-3 | "An increase in some cancers and bronchitis may reflect changing smoking habits and poorer air quality." "Poorer air quality" = pollution (N). |
20 | K (education) | research, establishes, link between, levels of, life expectancy | Paragraph 6, Beginning | "One interesting correlation Manton uncovered is that better-educated people are likely to live longer." "Better-educated people" = education (K). |
21 | G (disabled) | considerable reduction, number of elderly people, who are | Paragraph 7, Lines 4-9 | "That represents a significant drop in the number of disabled old people in the population." "Disabled old people" = elderly people who are disabled (G). |
22 | A (cost) | means, involved in, supporting, this section of the population, may be, less than, previously predicted | Paragraph 7, Lines 4-9 | "Slowing the trend has saved the U.S. government’s Medicare system more than $200 billion." "Financial burden" = cost (A). |
23 | G (allow old people to be more independent) | home medical aids | Paragraph 8 | "The increasing self-reliance of many elderly people is probably linked to a massive increase in the use of simple home medical aids." "Increasing self-reliance" = old people to be more independent (G). |
24 | E (may help prevent mental decline) | regular amounts of exercise | Paragraph 9 | "Maintaining a level of daily physical activity may help mental functioning." "Help mental functioning" = help prevent mental decline (E). |
25 | H (can reduce stress in difficult situations) | feelings, control over life | Paragraph 10 | "Those who felt in control of their lives pumped out lower levels of stress hormones." "Felt in control of their lives" = feelings of control over life. "Lower levels of stress hormones" = reduce stress (H). |
26 | C (may cause rises in levels of stress hormones) | feelings of loneliness | Paragraph 11, Lines 1-2 | "Elderly people who felt emotionally isolated maintained higher levels of stress hormones even when asleep." "Felt emotionally isolated" = feelings of loneliness. "Higher levels of stress hormones" = cause rises in stress (C). |
READING PASSAGE 3
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27–40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 .
Numerations
Q. No. | Answer | Keywords | Location | Text |
27 | B | needed an idea of number | Paragraph 2, last 5 lines | "As they began to settle, grow plants and herd animals, the need for a sophisticated number system became paramount. It is certain that numeration was well developed by the time humans had formed even semi-permanent settlements." |
28 | E | one, two, many type of system | Paragraph 3, last 4 lines | "When using the one, two, many type of system, the word many would mean, look at my hands and see how many fingers I am showing you. This basic approach is limited in the range of number that it can express." |
29 | A | denoted as hund teontig | Paragraph 4, last 3 lines | "In the seventh century in Europe, the average person had to be able to count to nine to qualify as a witness in a court of law." |
30 | C | specific word | Paragraph 5, last 3 lines | "By assigning a specific word, independent of the object being referenced, the individual is ready to take the first step toward the development of a notational system for numbers and, from there, to arithmetic." |
31 | G | numeration system | Paragraph 6, line 2-6 | "The numeration system of the Tsimshian language in British Columbia contains seven distinct sets of words for numbers according to the class of the item being counted." |
32 | TRUE | number | Paragraph 2, line 2-5 | "Even the earliest of tribes had a system of numeration that, if not advanced, was sufficient for the tasks that they had to perform." |
33 | FALSE | early stages of arithmetic | Paragraph 3, first 3 lines | "Evidence of early stages of arithmetic and numeration can be readily found. The indigenous people of Tasmania were only able to count one, two, many." |
34 | TRUE | number and words | Paragraph 3, line 3-4 | "But in real situations, the number and words are often accompanied by gestures to help resolve any confusion." |
35 | FALSE | lack of ability | Paragraph 4, first 3 lines | "The lack of ability of some cultures to deal with large number is not really surprising." |
36 | NOT GIVEN | - | - | - |
37 | TRUE | seventh century in Europe | Paragraph 4, line 6-7 | "The average person in the seventh century in Europe was not as familiar with numbers as we are today." |
38 | FALSE | Tsimshian language | Paragraph 5, line 2-6 | "The numeration system of the Tsimshian language in British Columbia contains seven distinct sets of words for numbers according to the class of the item being counted." |
39 | TRUE | diversity of number names | Paragraph 5, line 6-7 | "This diversity of number names can also be found in some widely" |
40 | NOT GIVEN | - | - | - |
Marvelous!