Cambridge IELTS General Training 13 Reading Test 4 Answers with Explanation /The Guardian Newspaper’s..,Running headphones.. ,A Case Study.. ,Preparing for a virtual job,Tuning up your leadership..

The Guardian Newspaper’s Travel Photography Competition

Question No.	Answer	Keywords	Location	Explanation
1	FALSE	first year, has run, a travel photography competition	Paragraph 1, lines 1-2	“The photo competition is back, giving you another chance to win an incredible trip to Swedish Lapland.” This means the competition has been run before, not the first year.
2	FALSE	any photograph, must have been taken on, overseas trip	Paragraph 2, lines 1-2	“It’s an opportunity for you to capture the essence of the journeys you make, whether far afield or close to home.” This means photographs can be taken close to home as well.
3	NOT GIVEN	end-of-year exhibition, London, free for the public, to attend	Paragraph 2, lines 4-7	No information is provided regarding whether the exhibition is free for the public to attend.
4	TRUE	judging panel, made up of, a group of journalists and a professional photographer	Paragraph 3, lines 1-2	“Members of The Guardian travel writing team, and photographer Michael Ryan of Fotovue.com will judge the monthly entries.” This confirms the judging panel consists of both journalists and a professional photographer.
5	TRUE	trip to Swedish Lapland, will only be offered, to one winner	Paragraph 5, lines 1-2	“The overall winner (chosen from the 12 monthly winners) will go on an amazing four-night trip to Swedish Lapland.” This confirms that the trip is for one winner.
6	TRUE	every activity, trip, focused on, improving, photography techniques	Paragraph 5, final lines	“Each day has a specific focus. The trip includes: winter light photography workshops, an image editing workshop, a night photography course, and an action photography workshop.” All activities focus on improving photography techniques.
7	FALSE	anyone going on the trip, may take, cold weather clothing, home, end of the trip	Paragraph 6, lines 1-2	“Included in the prize: cold weather clothing for the duration of the trip – thermal overalls, winter boots, gloves, hats and woollen socks.” This means all the clothing is for the duration of the trip, not for taking home.
8	TRUE	articles, written about the trip, may be changed, before being published	Final paragraph, lines 1-2	“The Guardian reserves the right, however, to modify your report and photos as necessary.” This confirms that the articles may be changed before publication.

Running headphones  

Question No.	Answer	Keywords	Location	Explanation
9	G	would suit, doesn’t mind spending a lot, to get good quality	Powerbeats 2 description, beginning of paragraph	“If money is not an issue, then these are definitely worth considering.” This suggests that the headphones would suit someone willing to spend a lot for good quality.
10	A	battery, has, surprisingly long life	Plantronics Backbeat Fit description, final lines	“As well as providing reasonably clear sound they will also last a remarkable eight hours on a single charge.” This indicates the battery has a surprisingly long life.
11	B	possible, keep in contact with other people, while using	Sennheiser CX685 Sports description, middle of paragraph	“Have a handy remote and a mic for phone calls.” This shows it is possible to keep in contact with others while using the headphones.
12	E	although, cheaper than most, music, sounds quite good	Betron B7505 description, middle of paragraph	“If you’re on a tight budget, it can always feel risky buying a bottom of the market pair of headphones, but with these you needn’t worry. Not only do they provide fair sound quality.” This confirms they are cheaper and still provide good sound quality.
13	A	very strong, do not require, gentle handling	Plantronics Backbeat Fit description, beginning of paragraph	“These headphones are really tough so you don’t need to worry about just throwing them into your bag before or after a workout.” This shows they are strong and don’t require gentle handling.
14	F	allow users, move around, playlist of music, easily, while exercising	Happy Plugs description, middle of paragraph	“They also come with a handy remote built into the cable to skip and pause songs with while you work out.” This shows that users can move around their playlist easily while exercising.

A Case Study of a risk assessment for general office cleaning

Question No.	Answer	Keywords	Location	Explanation
15	representatives	talked to, health and safety, about the risks	Paragraph 2	“Following this, he consulted the health and safety representatives of the cleaning service about these risks…” This shows he talked to the health and safety representatives about the risks.
16	housekeeping	a meeting, talked to, client company, about, policy, e.g. clear walkways	Paragraph 3, lines 1-4	“... he then had a meeting with the client company during which a number of issues were discussed. These included the client company’s own standard of housekeeping, such as the immediate clearing up of spills and keeping walkways clear…” This shows the policy is related to housekeeping.
17	fire	procedures, to be followed, in case of, a	Paragraph 3, lines 2-4	“... as well as the action to be taken if a fire broke out.” This shows the procedures to be followed in case of a fire.
18	storage	facilities available, to cleaners, e.g. space available	Paragraph 3, lines 5-7	“... including the amount of storage space available...” This shows space available for storage.
19	reporting	a way of, risk and hazards	Paragraph 3, final lines	“... and agreed on a method of reporting near-miss accidents and risks discovered by cleaners...” This shows a way of reporting risks and hazards.
20	website	compared, these, to information, HSE provided, on its	Paragraph 4, final lines	“... The manager then compared these to the good practice guidance set out on the HSE’s website...” This shows comparing information provided on the HSE’s website.
21	cupboard	displayed, a copy of, risk management, inside, a, available, all cleaning staff	Final paragraph, final lines	“... the manager pinned a copy in the cupboard where cleaning equipment was kept.” This shows the risk assessment was displayed inside a cupboard available to all cleaning staff.

Preparing for a virtual job interview 

Question No.	Answer	Keywords	Location	Explanation
22	costs	Some companies, prefer, interview job applicants, digitally, because, lower	Paragraph 1	“... organisations often reduce costs by conducting virtual job interviews.” This shows companies prefer digital interviews to lower costs.
23	screening	standard recruitment process, virtual recruitment, opens with	‘How a virtual interview is the same’ section, first lines of the first paragraph	“First, there is screening, lasting about thirty minutes...” This shows the recruitment process opens with screening.
24	topics	Applicants, should read, any details, advertised post, carefully, pick out, important	‘How a virtual interview is the same’ section, first lines of the second paragraph	“Identify what the critical topics are based on the job description...” This shows applicants should focus on important topics.
25	headset	a good idea, for applicants, check, if they can be clearly understood, when, use a	‘How a virtual interview is different’ section, second paragraph	“Test the headset too and find out how intelligible your voice sounds.” This shows applicants should check if they can be understood using a headset.
26	software	Applicants, may not be familiar with, the person, conducting, interview, will use, so, should try it out	‘How a virtual interview is different’ section, final lines of the second paragraph	“... establish what software the interviewer is going to work with and give it a trial run.” This shows applicants should try out the software.
27	rehearsal	very useful, go through, a, of the interview, with someone playing, part of the interviewer	‘How a virtual interview is different’ section, fourth paragraph	“Have a friend conduct a rehearsal with you before the big day.” This shows going through a rehearsal is useful for interview preparation.

Tuning up your leadership skills  

Question No.	Answer	Keywords	Location	Explanation
28	B	different aspects of leadership, covered in the study	Section B, second paragraph	"The research focused on the way that these jazz greats created and ran their musical enterprises. In particular, Ucbasaran and Lockett focused on three specific areas of leadership activity: team formation, team coordination and team turnover."
29	E	how, band leaders, sometimes passed on, leadership skills, to others	Section E, second paragraph	"A common reason for the jazz musicians leaving was that they felt sufficiently qualified to go and run another band. The three band leaders were understanding about this, particularly as it was a process they had also been through. In some cases, in particular with Art Blakey, they actively encouraged and coached team members to become leaders."
30	B	backgrounds of the band leaders, chosen for the study	Section B, first paragraph	"The authors decided to focus on three of the best known names in jazz – Duke Ellington, Miles Davis and Art Blakey. American composer Duke Ellington was a pioneering jazz orchestra leader from the 1920s through to the 1970s. Trumpet player Miles Davis was instrumental in the development of a number of new jazz styles, including bebop and jazz fusion. Jazz drummer Arthur ‘Art’ Blakey became famous as the leader of his band the Jazz Messengers."
31	D	ways, one band leader, encouraged, his musicians, to be more creative	Section D, second paragraph	"As Ucbasaran and Lockett note, Miles Davis discouraged band members from rehearsing in case it led to musical cliches from over-practice. Similarly, he often asked his musicians to play a piece in an unusual key, so they did not rely on learned fingering patterns. The performers were not left entirely to their own devices though."
32	A	main similarities between, the work of business people and jazz musicians	Section A, second paragraph	"For a start, jazz bands are synonymous with creativity, improvisation and innovation, all essential ingredients for entrepreneurship. Jazz groups and their members often operate in uncertain and dynamic environments, characterised by rapid change. Yet through collective endeavour many jazz bands find their own structure and harmony and become profitable enterprises – both creatively and commercially."
33	D	two contrasting ways, leading a team	Section D, first and second paragraph	"The team leader can assume a number of different roles when helping the team achieve its objectives. Some leaders are very directive, detailing what tasks they want team members to perform, and how they want them to go about those tasks. But that was not the approach Ellington, Davis and Blakey adopted. Instead, these leaders acted more as facilitators, empowering the musicians to collectively coordinate their behaviour and action to produce the desired outcome."
34	FALSE	the study, Ucbasaran and Lockett, was the first, compare the worlds of music and business	Section A, first paragraph	"Ever since management expert Peter Drucker compared the job of Chief Executive Officer to that of an orchestra conductor, the business world has been exploring comparisons and inspirations from the world of music."
35	TRUE	one reason, why jazz musicians were chosen, for the research, because, the setting in which they work, unpredictable	Section A, second paragraph	"Jazz groups and their members often operate in uncertain and dynamic environments, characterised by rapid change."
36	TRUE	the researchers, decided to cover, only certain aspects of leadership	Section B, second paragraph	"The research focused on the way that these jazz greats created and ran their musical enterprises. In particular, Ucbasaran and Lockett focused on three specific areas of leadership activity: team formation, team coordination and team turnover."
37	C	when assembling, teams, the band leaders, all prioritised players	Section B, third paragraph	"In particular, they looked for musicians with a different sound or way of playing, one that was unique to that band member and would improve the overall sound of the band."
38	A	what obstacle, might jazz leaders face, in reducing, destructive conflict, among team members	Section C, first paragraph	"Traditional team leadership theory suggests that to get the best team performance the leader should foster conflict that is productive in its effects, while minimising destructive conflict. But this is difficult when the sources of productive and destructive conflict are the same; that is, differences in personality and thinking."
39	C	what approach to group coordination, was shared, by Ellington, Davis and Blakey	Section D, second paragraph	"All three leaders created a general framework within which team members could work, providing guidance but also the freedom to explore, express and make mistakes."
40	B	Ucbasaran and her colleagues, found, the high turnover of members, in jazz bands	Section E, first paragraph	"Yet the high turnover of team members, despite the resulting loss of knowledge and skills, was seen in a positive light. That was partly because of the advantages of getting a fresh shot of knowledge, ideas and creativity when new members joined."