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CHILD LABOUR IN BANGLADESH Bangladesh is a very poor country with 55,598 square miles of land and 110 million population. Our country is rich neither in minerals nor in industries. It is mainly dependent upon agriculture. With the increase of population cultivable lands are being increasingly divided into fragments. So the cultivators are becoming poorer and poorer day by day. A large number of people have become landless. They live as day labourers. They find it difficult to maintain their families. So these families have to engage their children in physical labour from a very early age. Children from 8 to 12 years of age have to do manual labour. Many of them work as domestic servants and maid-servants. Sometimes they are engaged to work in the fields. They are engaged to take out weeds from corn-fields. Sometimes they are found to graze the cattle. They work in shops, hotels and restaurants. They are seen to break brick and stones. They are also found to carry brick and other building materials from one place to another. Some are found to work as street-hawkers, rickshaw-pullers and car cleaners. They work in small factories. They polish boots, sell ‘chanachur’, ‘badam’ and vegetables. They work as porters. They catch fishes and sell them in the market. In the platforms of big stations, they are found to work as porters and often they are found to beg. Some of them move as pick­pockets. Though labour is sacred, child labour is a crime. The people who engage them take full advantage of their minor age and their helplessness. Children engaged as house servants or maid-servants have to work from early morning to late hours at night. They have to work, so to say, fifteen to eighteen hours a day. They are not allowed any recess and recreation. They are always dealt with abuse and reproof. Very often they are punished mercilessly. At the growing age they suffer from malnutrition as they cannot take balanced diet. So their natural growth of health and brain suffer. They grow up simply to become sick and to drag a miserable existence. The have similar ill-treatment in the hotels, shops and factories. They are compelled to work for a longer period than a matured labourer. They work for a longer period with less wages. Their masters very often treat them mercilessly. Minor boys working as rickshaw pullers and factory workers often face accidents, lose their limbs and pass their days as disabled persons. Then they have to live as beggars. Sometimes they suffer from various diseases and have to live a short life. A country of people with poor health cannot make rapid progress. So all sections of people of our country as well as the government should give serious thought to this problem. The government should think about the grim situation of child labour. Child labour should be stopped by law. CHILD LABOUR Bangladesh is a land of third world countries. During to the rapid growth of population, the citizens of our country are getting poorer is engage to work day by day. The poverty-stricken people are deprived of the basic necessaries of life such as food, shelter, clothing and education. Therefore, to secure a better living or simply to support their family, poor parents are engaging their children to work from a very early stage. All the child labourers in Bangladesh are manual workers. They have to work very hard to earn their living and the work is usually extremely unfit for them. As at the age of eight, a child as a servant at households. They are obliged to work in cheap hotels and shops. Many children are found breaking stones or bricks for house-building. They are also found doing dangerous work like welding. Some children work as street hawkers selling different items to the passers-by. Some work in factories, some polish boots and some even work as rickshaw-pullers. In the rural areas, we have a different picture. Children over there are engaged in the farming and rearing which is very difficult. Child labourers are helpless and the employers take full advantage of this condition. They are given the least wages possible for the maximum labour/hours. Sometimes they need to work for ten to fourteen hours but are not paid for their overtime. They are usually treated very harshly at their working places. At households they are tortured Physically and mentally. They are usually given insufficient food and as a result, they suffer from malnutrition. It is said that the children are the backbone of a country. Our government should think about this grim situation of child labour and promulgate a law against ill-treatment towards them. People in general should be more humanistic to these poor children. If these children are not provided with the basic necessaries of life, they would be an economic burden for us. So, we have to be conscious about this crucial problem while there is still time. CHILDHOOD MEMORIES Man loves to turn back from the present to the past again and again. The present may be good but the past seems to be golden. Nothing is more pleasant to him than to recollect the memories of childhood. So, whenever I am sick of the present, I seek relief in the past. Most often I recall the days of my childhood. Childhood is, in many ways, the best period of human life. It is also the most charming period. In innocence it has no parallel. It is incomparable in simplicity. Wordsworth, the great worshipper of Nature says, “Heaven lies about us in our infancy.” I was born in a middle class family. Ours was a simple house where I lived happily in the midst of my parents, brothers and sisters. My father was a man of principles. Again he was no less affectionate and considerate to others. My mother was an accomplished lady whom I cannot describe in mere words. I found all the good qualities in her. When I was only four years old, our family consisted of six members including my grandfather, grandmother, parents, sister and my little self. The two children mentioning my sister and myself were the sole objects of care and affection not only of my parents, but also of other members. My father who was a Government official had to stay in town for six days a week and used to come home usually on Thursday evening with toys of various kinds. We, the village children passed most of our time in the midst of Nature. I played ha-du-du, our country game with my fellow mates. We moved around the bank of the nearest river. There was a bush near our house. Hundreds of birds made their nests in that bush. Sometimes I went there with other boys and girls. Some adventurous boys caught small birds from the holes of the tree. At times, we would pluck the mangoes, black berries and other fruits of the orchard of others without their consent. Once a juggler with two monkeys came to our street. He showed monkey’s tricks which engaged our attention. The he-monkey fell in love with the she monkey but she-monkey refused to marry the he-monkey. Then he-monkey went to his father-in-law’s house after wearing colourful dress. These were the pranks which attracted me. I fully appreciated the tricks shown by the juggler. My grandmother who was very much fond of me left us when I was ten. She loved my very dearly. She fed me very carefully with her own hands. Though my father often flew into rage, my grandfather prevented him from rebuking me. I used to sleep with her. The fifth year of my marked the beginning of my educational career and the fruits of the tree of knowledge. The first day of my school is worth mentioning. Our family with all the members shifted to the town immediately. Here I got myself admitted to Class III of a High School in town. I felt that my school fellows, at first, did not accept me cordially. They had no brotherly feelings for me, as I was a newcomer. As days passed, I found a congenial atmosphere when they found me no less than them regarding studies, games, and cultural activities. There are certain incidents which are still fresh in my memory. For instance, at the age of five, I got a severe attack of typhoid. Another incident which I still remember is swimming experience. It was Friday / Sunday when I along with my friends went for picnic. Some of us were expert swimmers, but unluckily I did not know how to swim. My friends dived into the river and compelled me also to do the same. Soon I was caught by the current of water and was carried away swiftly. There was every possibility of my losing life, but due to the valour of one of my friends, I was resuced from the current of water and was brought on the bank. I was really very much grateful to him because he gave me a new life. What a time this childhood was! Everything then appeared to me charming and life was as happy as anyone could wish it to be. Even at this day when I recall the happy memories of my childhood I seem to live that life over again in imagination. But it is only a pleasant reverie, and I soon awaken to the stern realities of today. Memories of all such matters and incidents of my childhood days are too many to be described in a short essay. I cannot forget the people and the things which helped much to shape my life. Today I only can say that gone are the good old days when I was a child . Childhood Memories I often remember the days of my childhood. Whenever I am sick of the present, I seek relief in the post and fondly recall the memories of my childhood. I was born in a small village in the district of Chittagong. My father was a village school teacher. Ours was a simple house where I lived happily in the midst of my parents, brothers and sisters. My mother was very affectionate. I am sorry that I lost her a few years ago. My father was a saintly man. An educationist all his life, he loved God and man. My play ground was the bank of the beautiful Karnafully. In all seasons the karnafully had a great attraction for me. Whenever, I was not at home. I could be found on its bank. There would be other children also with me. We used to row in the river, jump into tit and swim in it. I often saw the Karnafully’s fury too. On one occasion when we were playing on its banks, suddenly patches of clouds made their appearance in the sky. In a few minutes the entire sky became overcast with clouds and a strong wind began to blow. My companions ran away in fear, but I did not. The storm made my heart dance with the surging waves of the river. I gazed and gazed at its awe – inspiring beauty. The river swelled up and dashed virulently against its sandy banks. I shall never forget the scene in my life. The village primary school was another interesting place. The teachers, pandits and Maulavi Shaheb’s used to teach us there. It was housed in a small hut attached to the village mosque. A large number of boys and girls used to attend it. We would learn our lessons with great noise but our teachers did never threaten us. Though we did not fear them, we surely did love them much for their sincerity and goodness. Another interesting memory is of the village hat. The hat used to sit twice a week near the river. My father used to send me there to do shopping. I usually went there with some other children. The hat seemed to me a noisy place. It was one of the biggest hats in the locality. In it there were many shops. Rice, paddy, vegetables, fishes, fowls, eggs, etc. used to be sold on every hat day. We used to take with us our little fund of a few paisa and buy sweets from the vendors. After spending a few hours there we would come back at nightfall. But my happy days did not last long. My father got an appointment in a town school and he moved to the town immediately with all the members of the family. Frankly speaking, I did not like the town at the beginning. However, I was admitted into my father’s school. I felt that my school fellows did not love me. They had no brotherly feeling for one another as we had in the village. In the town people seemed to work and move like machines. There was no freedom, no joy as we had in the village. Above all, I missed the mighty Karnafully on whose banks I had spent the best days of my life. I was sorry to be in the town, but there was no help. However, I have gradually adjusted myself to town life. I have now new friends and companions and am more or less happy. I have since then grown up and I am a young man now, but I still cherish the sweet memories of my happy childhood days spent in the charming environment of my village. CHILDHOOD MEMORIES Man loves to turn back from the present to the past again and again. The present may be good but the past seems to be golden. Nothing is more pleasant to him than to recollect the memories of childhood. So whenever, I am sick of the present, I seek relief in the past. Most often I recall the days of my childhood. The memories of my childhood haunt me like a passion. Childhood is, in many ways, the best period of human life. It is also the most charming period. In innocence it has no parallel. It is incomparable in simplicity. Wordsworth, the great worshipper of Nature says, “Heaven lies about us in our infancy.” The charm of childhood cannot be forgotten. In a word, childhood is the happiest time in a man’s life. I was born in a middle class family. Ours was a simple house where I lived happily in the midst of my parents, brothers and sisters. My father was man of principles. Again he was no less affectionate and considerate to others. My mother was an accomplished lady whom I cannot describe in mere words. I found all the good qualities in her. My young memory is full of happy incidents which have taken place since the fourth year of my life. When I was only four years old, our family consisted of six members including my grandfather, grandmother, parents, sister and my little self. My father who was a Government official had to stay in town for six days a week and used to come home usually on Thursday evening with toys of various kinds. We the village children passed most of our time in the midst of Nature. I played ha-du-du, our country game with my fellow mates. We moved around the bank of the nearest river. There was a bush near our house. Hundreds of birds made their nests in that bush. Sometimes I went there with other boys and girls. Some adventurous boys caught small birds from the holes of the tree. At times, we would pluck the mangoes, black berries and other fruits of the orchard of others without their consent. Once a juggler with two monkeys came to our street. He showed monkey’s tricks which engaged our attention. The he-monkey fell in love with the she monkey but she-monkey refused to marry the he-monkey. Then he-monkey went to his father-in-law’s house after wearing colourful dress. These were the pranks which attracted me. I fully appreciated the tricks shown by the juggler. The fifth year of my life marked the beginning of my educational career. The first day of my school is worth mentioning. My mind was troubled with fear that I might not be quite free and easy in their midst. The warmth with which my classmates received me dispelled all my fears. I took two years to complete my course in that primary school. Our family with all the members shifted to the town immediately. Here I got myself admitted to Class III of a High School in town. I felt that my school fellows, at first, did not accept me cordially. As days passed, I found a congenial atmosphere when they found me no less than them regarding studies, games, and cultural activities. There are certain incidents which are still fresh in my memory. For instance, at the age of five, I got a severe attack of typhoid. After taking medicine for a sufficiently long period, I was cured. Another incident which I still remember is swimming experience. It was Friday / Sunday when I along with my friends went for picnic. Some of us were expert swimmers, but unluckily I did not know how to swim. My friends dived into the river and compelled me also to do the same. Soon I was caught by the current of water and was carried away swiftly. There was every possibility of my losing life, but due to the valour of one of my friends, I was rescued from the current of water and was brought on the bank. I was really very much grateful to him because he gave me a new life. What a time this childhood was! Everything then appeared to me charming and life was as happy as anyone could wish it to be. Even at this day when I recall the happy memories of my childhood I seem to live that life over again in imagination. But it is only a pleasant reverie, and I soon awaken to the stern realities of today. I cannot forget the people and the things which helped much to shape my life. Today I only can say that gone are the good old days when I was a child. CHILDHOOD MEMORIES Man loves to turn back from the present to the past again and again. The present may be good but the past seems to be golden. Nothing is more pleasant to him than to recollect the memories of childhood. So, whenever I am sick of the present, I seek relief in the past. Most often I recall the days of my childhood. Childhood is, in many ways, the best period of human life. It is also the most charming period. In innocence it has no parallel. It is incomparable in simplicity. Wordsworth, the great worshipper of Nature says, “Heaven lies about us in our infancy.” I was born in a middle class family. Ours was a simple house where I lived happily in the midst of my parents, brothers and sisters. My father was a man of principles. Again he was no less affectionate and considerate to others. My mother was an accomplished lady whom I cannot describe in mere words. I found all the good qualities in her. When I was only four years old, our family consisted of six members including my grandfather, grandmother, parents, sister and my little self. The two children mentioning my sister and myself were the sole objects of care and affection not only of my parents, but also of other members. My father who was a Government official had to stay in town for six days a week and used to come home usually on Thursday evening with toys of various kinds. We, the village children passed most of our time in the midst of Nature. I played ha-du-du, our country game with my fellow mates. We moved around the bank of the nearest river. There was a bush near our house. Hundreds of birds made their nests in that bush. Sometimes I went there with other boys and girls. Some adventurous boys caught small birds from the holes of the tree. At times, we would pluck the mangoes, black berries and other fruits of the orchard of others without their consent. Once a juggler with two monkeys came to our street. He showed monkey’s tricks which engaged our attention. The he-monkey fell in love with the she monkey but she-monkey refused to marry the he-monkey. Then he-monkey went to his father-in-law’s house after wearing colourful dress. These were the pranks which attracted me. I fully appreciated the tricks shown by the juggler. My grandmother who was very much fond of me left us when I was ten. She loved my very dearly. She fed me very carefully with her own hands. Though my father often flew into rage, my grandfather prevented him from rebuking me. I used to sleep with her. The fifth year of my marked the beginning of my educational career and the fruits of the tree of knowledge. The first day of my school is worth mentioning. I took two years to complete my course in that primary school. Our family with all the members shifted to the town immediately. Here I got myself admitted to Class III of a High School in town. I felt that my school fellows, at first, did not accept me cordially. They had no brotherly feelings for me, as I was a newcomer. As days passed, I found a congenial atmosphere when they found me no less than them regarding studies, games, and cultural activities. There are certain incidents which are still fresh in my memory. For instance, at the age of five, I got a severe attack of typhoid. Another incident which I still remember is swimming experience. It was Friday / Sunday when I along with my friends went for picnic. Some of us were expert swimmers, but unluckily I did not know how to swim. My friends dived into the river and compelled me also to do the same. Soon I was caught by the current of water and was carried away swiftly. There was every possibility of my losing life, but due to the valour of one of my friends, I was resuced from the current of water and was brought on the bank. I was really very much grateful to him because he gave me a new life. What a time this childhood was! Everything then appeared to me charming and life was as happy as anyone could wish it to be. Even at this day when I recall the happy memories of my childhood I seem to live that life over again in imagination. But it is only a pleasant reverie, and I soon awaken to the stern realities of today. Memories of all such matters and incidents of my childhood days are too many to be described in a short essay. I cannot forget the people and the things which helped much to shape my life. Today I only can say that gone are the good old days when I was a child. Childhood Memories Or, Recollections of Memories. Childhood is the sweetest period in human life. It is innocent and pure. This period is really a precious and uncomparable asset. I am now a young man of sixteen. Still some memories of my childhood flash in my mind. Indeed, it is a pleasure to me to ruminate upon them. When I look back to the days of my early childhood, I remember how my grandmother loved me. I used to sleep with her. Before I fell asleep, she used to tell me fairy tales of which she had a significant store. I listened to them with profound attention. I remember distinctly when I first went to school. It was a new life to me, but I liked it very much.I made friendship with many boys there. I went to school with them and I enjoyed these very happily. All the teachers loved me very much. I did my lessons properly everyday. I was fond of reading story-books. I read the story books of Shakespeare, Rabindranath Tagore & Kazi Nazrul Islam. They cut a deep impression on my mind. My grandmother became very old. She died when I was eleven years old. I loved her very much. Sometimes my mother rebuked me but my grand mother prevented her from doing so. I was quite safe there. So, I felt great sorry at her death. This sad event still peeps through my memory. Once my elder sister's marriage ceremony took place. Then I was twelve years old. It was a very joyous occasion. My heart was filled with merriment. On the marriage day our house was crowded with friends and relatives. In the evening, the bridegroom and his party came. The band parties were playing on their instruments. A grand feast was given to the guests. I ate with all of my friends happily. Thus I spent the day in the midst of feast and delight. My childhood days will never come back again. Those days are gone and gone for ever. My days of childhood were really spent in happiness. I still remember my childhood days. Now I am a grown up boy. I can not now pass days so care-free as I did in the past. THE DAYS OF MY CHILDHOOD Man has a tendency to turn back to the past memories from the present. There is a saying that the lost days are better days. My childhood haunts me like a passion. Whenever I am sick of the present, I try to get relief in, the past days of my childhood. I was born in the village Majhina under Narayanganj district. The river Shitalakha flows through the district and just at the east side of our village. In all the seasons, this river was a source of pleasure for me. We played together on the bank of this river, we used to row on the river, jump into it and swim in it. The village maktab was another interesting place in my childhood. An old erudite Moulvi used to teach us there. A large number of boys and girls used to attend the maktab every morning. We would learn lessons in a deafening noise. Many interesting incidents would happen while we attended the maktab. When the school bell rang for break, we used to run in groups and wandered the green land before returning home. We stole fruits from trees that belonged to others. Sometimes, we would forget to eat our midday meals. There was a bush near our school. We always searched for birds there and if found, we would steal them. During holidays when my mother went to sleep at noon, we went to the railway line. There I together with other children gathered pebbles. We watched with wonder how the train passed,I can never forget my childhood. It is the best period in my life. Life was totally care-free then. When I sit idle alone after the tiring day's work, my childhood memories make me nostalgic. That was really a joyous period in my life. CHARMS OF CITY LIFE City life has some distinct characteristics which distinguish it from the country life. Those who live in cities find life very busy and routined. They can hardly ever stand at one place for long. They are continuously entrapped in motion and rush. They are busy not only physically, but also mentally. Their life is environed by dust, smoke, buzz, pricking smell, and hardened touch of brick-tiles and pavements. These words are true for all the dwellers of all cities. Still city-life has some certain charms. In cities people usually have more work than in countries. This means that the rate of unemployment is low. Here those who have money can have almost anything they like. There are sufficient supply of necessaries and luxuries. Medical facilities are most available here. There are hospitals, clinics, ambulances, drug stores, and qualified doctors. Actually, almost all the highly qualified doctors of a country are settled in cities. There are good facilities for education also. Education, knowledge, and consciousness ---- these are the foundations of the modern city. Housewives in the cities do not have to burn their hands and suffocate their eyes with smoke during their cooking activities. They are blessed with the latest arrangements of civilizations ---- gas-stoves, electric-heaters, and various other micro-ovens. For them it is but a few minutes of work to cook any dish whatever. Best of all, city-life enjoys much more than country life. There are cinemas, theatres, audio-video clubs, cultural programmes arranged for specific occasions, parks, clubs, and so on for their recreation. Transportation and communication, which must be made mention of in this regard, have made the cities some sort of representative heaven. True to say; in cities geographical distance cannot sever one man or institution from another. All enjoy the pleasure of being close to one another. The charms are many, since man himself made cities for his own convenience. THE CHARMS OF CITY LIFE We all are familiar with the saying that God has made the village and man has made the town. A city is a large town and man has made it to fulfil his needs. Human civilisation is an ever-advancing process giving rise to newer. and newer needs which he cannot meet within the confines of the village. So, lie made the cities and filled them with all the amenities of life. He has provided a city with the opportunities of living a comfortable, luxurious and developing life in a civilised society. and all these may be called the charms of city life. These charms consist in the opportunities, facilities and amenities which, by and large, are not ordinarily available in the village. All kinds of educational facilities are available only in a city. In fact, all cities have good schools, colleges, institutes and universities for imparting all kinds of education at all levels including higher and specialised education in all branches and disciplines. The best possible housing facilities with buildings, bungalows and apartments with all the modern amenities of life are available in a city. Here one can find fascinating malls, market places and business areas where people can conduct business, trade and commerce of all kinds. The best possible medical aid and hospitals are available in the cities. A city provides for better sanitation and a good supply of pure water to the citizens. All the roads are metalled and furnished with electric lights. There are better facilities of transport and communication. There are also provisions for games, sports. amusements of different kinds for the recreation of the people. All these are but the charms of city life, in consideration of which people prefer to live in a city. Most of the people living in cities are generally educated. A great many of them lead a life of comfort and luxury. But there are still a large number of day-labourers and wage-camers. who are attracted to the cities for their earning facilities. The earning facilities of these poor and helpless constitute their 'charm' for city life, if we can designate them as charm. But nowadays the charms of city life have lost their attraction. Most cities are now in the grip of traffic jarn, air pollution, water pollution, sound pollution and a lot of social evils. The charms of city life are nothing but an empty moon shine. THE MERITS AND DEMERITS OF COUNTRY LIFE AND CITY LIFE William Cowper, a famous English poet, wrote, "God made the country but man made the town." The difference between a rural life and a city life is remarkable. In the village we see the glamour of nature where God pervades. But the town is man-made the artificial thing and it cuts us off from direct contact with nature. Both the rural life and the city life have their advantages. In rural life we see perfect peace. A rural life is very simple and easy-going. It is free from cares and anxieties of the world . The village people are free from the troubles of the cheats and pick-pockets of the town. The fish and vegetables we get are fresh. The air we breathe is pure. We are in direct touch with nature. The people living in villages are very open-minded, honest, and peace-loving. On the other hand, town life has some advantages too. It provides us with all that we want. There are good roads for comfortable transport, electricity for physical comfort. good schools, colleges, madrasahs,, universities. technical centres for education, good hospitals and clinics for proper medical treatment and well-furnished shops and stores to meet all our wants. For recreation and pastime, we have clubs, libraries and show houses of various kinds. There is a good facility for trade. commerce and industry in the town. The village has no good roads and as a result, there is no easy and good transport facility. The sanitary conditions are very unsatisfactory and such is the case with medical and educational facilities because good doctors and teachers generally avoid villages on account of their disadvantages. In respect of a city life, the air is full of smoke and soot and the food we get is mostly impure and adulterated. Life in a city is very complex and difficult. People have no time to look after one another. Town is rather nasty with its dust, waste, filth and bad smell. Vehicles ply here and there constantly and for it people are afflicted with sound pollution. Hijackers, cheats and pick-pockets along with terrorists also abound in the city. It is quite impossible to make a choice for one or the other. We need villages for perfect, peaceful and care-free life while we need city life for education, culture, good transport and amusement. Hence my choice is for rural life.

Climate Change Climate change is basically a change in the pattern of the climate that lasts for a few decades to centuries. Various factors lead to the changes in the climatic conditions on the Earth. It be natural such as the variation in the Earth’s orbit, variation in solar radiation, volcanic eruptions, plate tectonics, etc or can be caused due to human activities such as greenhouse gases, carbon emission, etc. On the other hand, are the natural processes that occur within the climate system. These include the ocean- atmosphere variability as well as the presence of life on the earth. This is exemplified by the destruction and burning down of tropical rain forests, by traffic that clogs up city streets, by the rapid growth of industry, the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in packaging and manufacturing commercial products, the use of detergents Such as washing powder and washing-up liquid and so on. The oceans are also said to be affected both because of human waste and because of pollution caused by industrial waste products, oil seeping from damaged supertankers and from other maritime disasters. However, the main culprits for global warming are carbon dioxide gas, produced by the burning of fossil fuels and forests, and pollutants such as methane and chlorofluorocarbons. Climate change is having a negative impact on the forests, wildlife, water systems as well as the polar region on the Earth. Climatologists predict that midway through the next century, temperatures may have risen by as much as 4°C. This could catastrophically reduce mankind’s ability to grow food, destroy or severely damage wildlife and wilderness, raise sea levels and thereby flood coastal areas and farmland. The alarming news about Bangladesh is that as a result of the rise of the sea level, the lower southern part of the country may one day go under water. A number of species of plants and animals have gone extinct due to the changes in the climate on the Earth and several others have been affected adversely. Human activities such as deforestation, use of land and use of methods that lead to the increase in carbon in the atmosphere have been a major cause of climate change in the recent past. It is important to keep a check on such activities in order to control climatic changes and ensure environmental harmony. Climate change is a global problem. Besides the natural forces, human activities have also contributed majorly to this change. In order to control climate change and maintain a healthy environment on the earth, human influences on the same need to be controlled. While the natural forces cannot be controlled, human beings must ensure that air, land and water pollution must be restricted. Each of us should contribute his bit to control this global issue.

The communication system in Bangladesh Introduction: Communication in Bangladesh consists of water-ways, roads, highways and airways. There are also various means of transport if the country. Water transport: Of the various means of transport in Bangladesh water transport is the most important. Steamers, launches, and country boats are the common water transport. These carry people and goods from one place to another. Railways and Highways: Railways and highways connect all the districts of the country. Goods trains and trucks are used for carrying goods from one place to another. There are private and public bus services throughout the country. Besides these, rickshaws, baby-taxis, cycles and carts ply through the streets in the towns and cities. Airways: Bangladesh airways are run by Bangladesh Biman. It offers international as well as domestic service through regular flights. The entire important places o the country is connected with the capital city by air. Biman now travels to many countries of Asia Europe and Africa. Conditions of Our Transport System: Transport system is not fairly developed in our country. In the cities people have to spend a huge amount of money as rickshaw and baby –taxi fare. Town service buses and BRTC buses ply through the streets of the city. But their number is so small that one has to wait for hours to avail them. One cannot depend on a bus to go to one’s place of work in time. A man has to spend a big portion of his salary for rickshaw and other fares . A journey by train or bus is often troublesome. Along waterways the number of launches and steamers is not enough to carry the increasing population tof the country. Country boats take a long time to carry people and goods to long distance. Measures for Improvement: Our government has laid special emphasis on the improvement of communication system on the country. Rail cars have been introduced. A good number of buses have been imported. Some are being manufactured in the Progate Industries in Bangladesh. Cargo launches and passenger launches are being manufactured and assembled in the dock-yard at Narayanganj and Dhaka .We hope that at least the basic problems in the field of transport in Bangladesh will be solved in near future. Conclusion: The development of a country is judged by the standard of its transport. The better is the transport the greater is the standard of living in a country. It plays an important role in economic development. A good communication system can also check the price hike in the country. As our country is backward in transport, we cannot enjoy the fruits of the hard labor of our farmar. In particular place of the country pineapples , guavas, mangoes and other perishable items grow abundantly but lack of good transport does not allow them proper marketing. As a result, the farmers have to sell them below their production cost. COMPULSORY SALVAGING THE ENVIRONMENT The world we live in is full of things and beings. There are many objects around us. Some objects are natural like stones , trees, air and water. Some are man-made like houses, cars, cloth and chemicals. There are some forces. Besides, life exists under some conditions. All these three things namely objects, forces and conditions, together make our environment. Our total environment influences our life and our way of living. So, we are the people who are totally responsible to save our environment which makes direct effect on our life free from all sorts of pollution. Environment pollution affects our life very seriously. This is why, I agree to the statement that to save the environment is the responsibility of each and every individual and not only of the government. There are some arguments for this statement. These are as follows : We know that the main elements of human environment are animals, plants, soil, air and water. Life on earth can't exist until and unless these are kept clean and pure. There are relationships between these elements. When these relationships are disturbed life becomes difficult or impossible. We must keep the environment balanced and fit for all kinds of life—human, animal and plant. By keeping the environment clean, man can ensure a healthier and happier life. It is man who can turn a good, clean environment into a bad polluted one. He can do this without even knowing that he is doing it. By many unwise acts he pollutes his environment and kills a lot of valuable lives. So, we should try our best to save the environment. If we think that the government is the only agent that saves the environment, we are totally wrong. All individuals coming and working together can save it and save a lot of lives. If it is to be done, common people should be made aware of saving the environment. The government can play a vital role to save the environment. But the role played by media and individuals is equally important.

Compulsory Primary Education

Primary education is the backbone of all education. It gives us elementary knowledge of necessary things. For compulsory primary education, the children must complete their primary education between the age of 6 to 10. It is a matter of great regret that about 60 percent people of our country are illiterate.

Most of the people of our country live in villages. They are very poor. They can not send their children to primary school. They think that if their children stay at home or go to the fields to help them in agriculture or any other works, it will be a helpful matter to solve their financial problem. As a result, their children remain illiterate. For this, it is necessary to make primary education not only free but also compulsory.

Indeed, illiteracy is a number one serious problem of our country. It disturbs all development works of the country. it also retards the cultural growth of the country. Education is the powerful weapon which can solve all the problems. It can lead us to the path of prosperity, peace and happiness. The farmers are illiterate. They have no scientific idea to cultivate their lands. They are ignorant about the rules and sanitation and the scientific methods of population control. As they are ignorant of health and sanitation, they don't know how to take care of their children. It is a universal truth that today's children are the future leaders of a country. So, education is essential for a nation. In fact, illiterate people are a burden to the nation. Poverty, unemployment, disease, terrorism and over population are the result of illiteracy. Without education no man can prosper in life.

The Government of Bangladesh has taken some effective steps to give all our children primary education. New schools have been set up.

Many schools are going to be established. The government is also supplying books free of cost.

The Government has launched food for education programme. It encourages the poor parents to send their children to school. Most of the thanas are selected under this programme.

We are hopeful that the majority of our people will be educated in a short time. After receiving primary education the children will be conscious about their own life and motherland. If the compulsory free primary education is implemented, the country can get rid of the curse of illiteracy. So, all of us should come forward with honesty and sincerity to remove illiteracy from our society.