THE NATIONAL DAYS OF BANGLADESH Every nation has a few days which are national in character. They are nationally important and significant. On these days the nations holidays and the people become happy as well as mournful. The first day enjoys the Shaheed Day, the Victory Day, the Independence Day, include these days. Every year the people of Bangladesh celebrate these days in a grand manner. We observe the Pahela Baishakh as one of the national days on the first day of the first month of Bangla new vear known as 'Nababarsha'. The day is celebrated with traditional festivities across the country. The day is a public holiday. The day's first programme begins at dawn at Ramna Batamul. Chhayanat, a leading cultural organisation organises the programme. A large number of people, wearing taditional dresses attend the programme. Bangla Academy, the Institute of Fine Arts bring out a colourful procession from their premises at 9-30 a.m. carrying festoons, placards, posters, banners and wear masks to welcome the Bangla New Year. The 21st of February is an immortal day for us. This is also one of our national days. It is called the 'Shaheed Day' which means the 'Martyrs Day'. It is also known as the Ian uage day. On this day the Banglees pay glowing tribute to the sacred memory of martyrs who sacrificed their lives for theBangla language in 1952 . The Shaheed Day bears a great significance in the history of our nation. It is an eternal source of inspiration to us all. On this day we renew the pledge for the unity of the people to rise against all sorts of oppression and injustice. At present. this day is observed all over the world as the International Mother Language Day. The Victory Dar is another important national day of our country. This day is celebrated on the 16th of December every year. On this day. Bangladesh emerged as an independent sovereign country. We celebrate the day with due solemnity. The 26th of March is our Independence Day. The day is a public holiday, too. A national committee sit in a meeting and chalk out an clabarate programme to celebrate Independence Day in a befitting manner. We have a rich cultural heritage and the observance of our national days bears testimony to our rich culture and tradition. THE NATURAL BEAUTIES OF BANGLADESH Bangladesh is called a land of natural beauties. She is nature's darling child. No other country of the world, is so blessed with the beauty of nature as Bangladesh. Bangladesh is a land of rivers. So many rivers have flowed through the country making it a beautiful waterland. The beauties of the rivers of Bangladesh is like a dream. The banks of the rivers present an unbroken view of a variety of sights which enchant the eyes. The grand spectacle of the rivers on a moonlit night is simply bewitching. The Bay of Bengal is another beautiful gift of nature. The blue water of the sea and its rising waves are always a pleasant sight which cools our turbulent mind within a moment. The sea-beach of Cox's Bazar is a nice place for the nature lovers. It is the longest sea-beach in the world. The Saint Martin island is a gift of nature in the Bay of Bengal. The Sundarbans, largest mangrove forest of the world is another bountiful gift of nature. Its wild life and mysterious setting makes it more charming. There is always the play of light and shade in the land. She enjoys the pleasure of sunny weather, luxury of colours and throws an appeal of an unending expanse of greenery. Her green fields overflowing with golden crops, the spotless blue and cloudy sky, her moonlit and pitch-dark night— all these present scenes of romantic charm and beauty. In Bangladesh, six seasons in their distinctive roles, come in procession and adorn our land with exquisite beauty. There are some hilly areas in Bangladesh which are the home of natural beauty. The tea gardens in the hill slopes in Sylhet are
very charming spots. The small hills in Mymensingh area are also very beautiful landscapes. The presence of tribal people there makes this place more beautiful. Rangamati, Khagrachari and Bandarbans are the three hilly districts where nature has opened her wings of beauty. The beautiful lakes and fountains of crystal-clear water are easily noticeable here which charm us all.
The natural beauties have made this country the homeland of many animals and birds. So, no one can deny that Bangladesh is a matchless beauty spot in the
world.
NATIONAL LOCAL GAME OF BANGLADESH
Games and sports is an inseparable event of our life. Games entertain us to remove our monotony in daily life. Bangladesh is a land of merriment. Many games are locally played in this country. Among them Ha-du-du (Kabadi) is one of them and it is our national game. It is an outdoor game. It is played in our countryside after the paddy is harvested. Now it is played as our national game.
Ha-du-du is played generally by young men ---- between two parties. A small but level ground is used for this game. A line is drawn along the middle of the area, so as to mark out the two halves. Each half is occupied by one of the two parties. The young, strong and stout boys of the country play this game. Each team generally consists of 5 or 7 players. The umpire decides the numbers of the players.
The players stand face to face in a semi-circle. At the whistle of the umpire, one of the players goes across the middle line into the area of the other party, keeping up his breath and all the while uttering the words “Ha-du-du.” His object is to touch one or more players of the opponent team. If he is successful in his attempt and comes back to his own area, the touched players are called ‘dead’ in the language of the game. On the other hand the players of rival team try to hold the calling player in their area. If they are successful in doing so, “Ha-dudu”, he is then said to have died. One member of a party is revived by the death of a member of the opposite party. Thus the parties, by turn, send forth players, one at a time, to the opponent’s court. If all the players of one party have some of its players still living and not dead, the former party is said to have been defeated. The surviving party is declared to have won the game. This is the first round of the game. If time permits and the spectators so desire, there is the second round of the game.
Ha-du-du is a very interesting game. The interesting part of the game is the struggle of the player when he is caught. We cannot but laugh when a player is caught by rival team and declared dead. The moment he comes out of the snare is very exciting and thrilling and there is a great applause for him. Ha-du-du is a physical game. So it helps to make our rural players strong and physically fit. The game does not require a large playground and is not at all a costly game, as it requires no instruments. Our villagers can easily afford it. It is a sweet costing game, and so it is good health. It is a unique game which gives maximum satisfaction with minimum cost.
The game is not free from demerits because sometimes, players get injured. As it is a game of muscular power, some players show their strength in an unethical way, not is an ethical way. This brings clash between two sides. It is a great defect of this game.
Once ‘Ha-du-du” was a very popular game in the villages. But not it has lost its appeal to the modern youths. Bangladesh won success in the last Asian Games, 1998 and got the only bronze medal. If this
game is made free from all kinds of defects, it will surely give us more pleasure and joys.
Ha-du-du is the most interesting of all the country games. Through this game our countrymen get an opportunity to refresh themselves. It is also the symbol of our glorious, rural culture. Considering its physical base, the game should be made popular with the youths. And proper steps should be taken to make this game frequent in the world of games.
NATURAL CALAMITIES IN BANGLADESH
Man is a part of nature. Man survives in nature using natural resources. The bounty of nature keeps us alive. But sometimes nature becomes cruel. This cruelty is called natural calamity. It comes in the form like flood, cyclone, earthquake torrential rain and drought. These natural calamities come almost every year in Bangladesh. Thus, Bangladesh is called the land of natural calamities. Different types have different hilly areas. As for example, flood occurs due to heavy rainfall on the upper region especially hilly area. Excess of rain water overflows the rivers. Besides, Bangladesh lies in the tropical
region. Tornadoes may be described as “local monsters”. Almost
every year cyclone or storm hits our land in summer or in the Bay of Bengal. This depression causes hurricane and tidal bore. Dangerous hurricane and tidal bore mostly hit the southern part and offshore islands of Bangladesh. Thousands of people, numberless cattle and houses are washed away by the strong current of water of the tidal bore. They are sudden and fearsome. The death and injury rate can be awesome. People who survive after this type of calamity live a wretched life. Our country experiences the horror of mild tremor in almost every year. Bangladesh is a part of the Bengal basin which is one of the most seismically active zones of the world. Lying as it does in the confluence of the India, Burma and Eurasia plate; the land is extremely prone to earthquake disasters and has experienced some of the worst earthquakes in the history. When it lasts for a long time, it might have the cause of huge loss of lives and properties. The drought in summer is another calamity. It is nothing new to us. It visits us due to less rainfall, indiscriminate chopping of trees for fuel, household and other purposes. The intensification of drought is now a cause of high concern though action is still to come. Apart from loss of crops of the particular year, drought has other long term implications. The soils dry up and water labels fall drastically making land unfit for agriculture. This puts pressure on groundwater which further depletes the water level. Bangladesh also experiences the river bank erosion. The sediment flow in the rivers is not uniform throughout the year and this can stretch the load carrying capacity of rivers. When that occurs, the flow overcomes the banks and the currents cause the erosion. The health of the channels also influences erosion. While those which remain active are less susceptible to erosion, the clogged ones can be eroded due to sudden flow of monsoon or rain water or any other water discharge. Our people can hardly do much against natural calamities. They can only make up the loss when the intensity of the disaster is over. But we should keep in mind that man is the conqueror of nature. Moreover, our people are brave by born and they would definitely put up united resistance to win over these odds.
NEWSPAPER
Man is curious by nature. He wants to know what is happening around him in the world. The newspaper is the best medium to meet this curiosity. This is why it plays such an important role in the life of a civilized nation. This is why it plays such an important role in the life of a civilized nation. It has become a part and parcel of our daily life.
The history of the newspaper dates back to the 16th century. China was the first country to introduce newspaper. In Europe, Venice was the first place to publish newspaper. During Mughal period, a kind of manuscript was in vogue in the IndoPak sub-continent. But its circulation was limited to a few high officials and courtiers. The “India Gazette” published in 1744 was the first newspaper in this sub-continent. The “Samachar Darpan” brought out by missionaries of Srerampur was the first Bengali newspaper.
Newspapers are of various types, such as dailies, bi-weeklies, monthlies and quarterlies. The daily newspapers are mainly read for news and views about daily affairs. Others are known as periodicals and magazines and they contain stories and articles largely. Longer works are printed in them in parts.
Newspaper is a store-house of knowledge. Modern newspapers have a wide ranger of subjects to meet different interests. Greater space is devoted to political and economical news. There is also news about literary and scientific matters, game sand sports, the stage and cinema, the stock-market etc. All important events of the world within the last twenty four hours, or so, such as, market condition, changes in railway times, government notifications, weather news etc reach us through newspaper.
Its letter columns point out what is good or bad in society and government and thus promote the good of all. It also helps the growth of public opinion and keeps the government informed of it.
The newspaper has also a great educative value. It helps us to keep abreast of the current the current events all over the world. It contains articles on various subjects that are very useful guides to all. It also has given us scope to learn the language spoken by the civilized people of the world.
The newspaper is also the best medium of advertisement. This helps traders and consumers, too. It also carries all necessary information to those who need them for their occupational purpose.
The recreational value of a newspaper cannot be ignored. When we feel tired or lonely, we often take up a newspaper for relief.
In Bangladesh, there are many kinds of newspaper. They are the Bangladesh Times, The Daily Star, The Independent, The Bangladesh Observer, The Dainik Bangla, The Dainik Sangbad, The Dainik Protham Alo, The Dainik Janakantho, The Weekly Bichitra etc.
Sometimes newspaper do harm by spreading wrong and false news. Then it creates evil ideas in the mind of the people. It is necessary to curb the newspaper by passing laws to prevent them from publishing misleading news.
The functions of newspaper are many. It has brought the world to the corner of the home. Time and distance have been won by newspaper. Its very reputation causes it to be impartial, dignified and selective. And the public are thereby benefited.
NEWSPAPER
Introduction: Man is curious by nature. He wants to know what is happening around him in the world. The newspaper is the best medium to meet this curiosity. This is why it plays such an important role in the life of a civilized nation. This is why it plays such an important role in the life of a civilized nation. It has become a part and parecl of our daily life.
Its history: The history of the newspaper dates back to the 16th century. China was the first country to introduce newspaper. In Europe, Venice was the first place to publish newspaper. During Maghal period, a kind of manuscript was in vogue in the Indo-Pak sub-continent. But its circulation was limited to a few high officials and courtiers. The “India Gazette” published in 1744 was the first newspaper in this subcontinent. The “Samachar Darpan” brought out by missionaries of Srerampur was the first Bengali newspaper.
Kinds of newspaper: Newspapers are of various types, such as dailes, bi-weeklies, monthlies and quarterlies. The daily newspapers are mainly read for news and views about daily affairs. Others are known as periodicals and magazines and they contain stories and articles largely. Longer works are printed in them in parts.
Uses and importance: Newspaper is a store-house of knowledge. Modern newspapers have a wide ranger of subjects to meet different interests. Greater space is devoted to political and economical news. There are also news about literary and scientific matters, game sand sports, the stage and cinema, the stockmarket etc. All important events of the world within the last twenty four hours, or so, such as, market condition, changes in railway times, government notifications, weather news etc reach us through newspaper.
Its letter columns point out what is good or bad in society and government and thus promote the good of all. It also helps the growth of public opinion and keeps the government informed of it.
The newspaper has also a great educative value. It helps us to keep abreast of the current the current events all over the world. It contains articles on various subjects that are very useful guides to all. It also has given us scope to learn the language spoken by the civilized people of the world.
The newspaper is also the best medium of advertisement. This helps traders and consumers, too. It also carries all necessary information to those who need them for their occupational purpose.
The recreational value of a newspaper cannot be ignored. When we feel tired or lonely, we often take up a newspaper for relief.
Newspaper in Bangladesh: In Bangladesh, there are many kinds of newspaper. They are the Bangladesh Times, The Daily Star, The Independent, The Bangladesh Observer, The Dainik Bangla, The Dainik Sangbad, The Dainik Protham Alo, The Dainik Janakantho, The Weekly Bichitra etc.
Draw-backs: Sometimes newspaper do harm by spreading wrong and false news. Then it creates evil ideas in the mind of the people. It is necessary to curb the newspaper by passing laws to prevent them from publishing misleading news.
Conclusion: The functions of newspaper are many. It has brought the world to the corner of the home. Time and distance have been won by newspaper. Its very reputation causes, it to be impartial, dignified and selective. And the public are thereby benefited.
NEWSPAPER
Introduction: Newspaper is a gift of modern civilization. It is paper that carries news and views of home and abroad. It supplies us information in respect of all matters of the world. That’s why, it is said to be the mirror of the world. We can not do even a day without it.
Its history: China was the first country to introduce newspaper. Venice brought out first newspaper in Europe. In England, it was first published during the reign of Queen Elizabeth. There was particularly no newspaper in this sub-continent before the English came. The Indian Gazette which was the first newspaper in IndoBangladesh was published in 1774. “The Samachar Darpan” was the first Bengali Newspaper. It was published in 1818. It was published by the Christian Missionaries.
Kinds of newspaper: Newspapers are of various kinds. They are dailies, biweeklies, weeklies, monthlies and even quarterlies. The dailies contain news and views about the daily affairs of the whole world. There are some other papers which are known as periodicals and magazines. They contain literary articles. We have newspaper both in Bengali and English. The leading Bengali newspapers are the Protham Alo, the Jugantar, the Dainik Janakantha, the Ittefaq, the Inqilab, the Sangbad. The English language dailies are the Independence, the Daily Star, the Bangladesh Observer, the New Nation and the Bangladesh Times.
Necessity or role of newspaper: Newspaper plays an important role to all classes of people. Lawyers, traders, politicians, contractors, employment seekers, lovers of games and sports are in need of newspapers. Government orders and notices come out in newspapers. It helps the students to know and think of the world affairs. It moulds public opinion in favour of the Govt. and public leaders.
It keeps us in close contact with the current affairs of the world. It gives us news about politics, economics, culture, literature, games and sports of the whole world.
The newspaper has educative value. By reading it can know what the great thinkers think. Besides we can learn language if we read the newspaper carefully.
The newspaper has some other uses to us in our everyday life. When flood or cyclone visits a place, the affected people can send the news of their distress through the newspaper. They can also move the government for help through it.
Demerits: Sometimes newspapers can do harm to us. Some newspapers are party papers. They create party feelings among the people. It publishes false and harmful news for the sake of party. This false news misleads the people and cause havoc to national unity.
Conclusion: Newspaper is so essential that no one can think of modern life
without it. It should be impartial for the welfare of the country. Beside this,
governments of different countries are afraid of the fearless criticism of newspaper and often have to gag them in order to maintain their popularity. This should not be so. Every government should confirm full freedom of its people and a free newspaper is the symbol of that freedom.
Newspaper
(Introduction, Kinds/Varieties, Mistory, Importance, Advantages, Disadvantages,
Conchuion)
Newspaper is one of the greatest inventions of modern age. Indeed, the newspaper has now-a-days become part and parcel of our daily life. It gives us news of what happens daily at home and abroad. It is said to be the mirror of the world. The word "News" was formed with the first letters of the words North, East, West and South.
Newspaper are of various kinds. They are dailies, biweeklies, monthlies and even quarterlies. Others are known as periodicals and magazines. They contain present news and views, stories, poems, essays, novels and dramas. The important dailies of Bangladesh are The Bangladesh Times, The Bangladesh Observer, The Dainik Ittefaq, The Dainik Sangbad, The Dainik Bangla, The Dainik Purbakone, The Dainik Azadi etc.
Newspaper was first published in China. The 'India Gazette' was published in 1774 in this sub-continent. Christian Missionaries published the first newspaper named 'Samachar Darpan' in Bangla. Now-a-days innumerable newspapers are published all over the world.
Newspapers exercise great influence on modern life. A modern newspaper supplies us with information about every sphere of human activity such as politics, society, education, science, discoveries, economic problems, business matters, theatre, radio, cinema, television and sports. It also contains advertisements. Newspapers supply us with news. We are interested to know what is going on in the world. We can know this by reading the newspaper. It gives us all sorts of news of our own country as well as of foreign countries. It also helps us to acquire general knowledge which is essential for our education.
The newspaper has made the world smaller. It enables us to know manners and customs of the people all over the world and creates brotherhood among us.
Sometimes newspapers can do harm to us. Some newspapers are party papers. They sometimes publish false news. These false news mislead the people and create havoc to national unity.
We cannot think even for a moment of our modern life without newspapers. It is the educator of the people. So to speak, it is a great blessing of modern
civilization. So, we should drea newspapers regularly. It is called the store house of knowledge.
A Newspaper
Introduction : Ours is an age of science. Science has inverted a lot of gifts for the welfare of mankind. A newspaper is one of the wonders of modernscience. It is a paper which carries news and views of home and abroad to us. It is a store-house of knowledge. In the morning we wait eagerly for a newspaper. An educated, or a conscious person cannot go for a single day without:
Its history : China is the country who first published the newspaper in the world. In Europe Venice was the first country to publish newspaper. The "Samacher Darpan" was the first Bengali newspaper which was published by the Missionaries of Sreerampur. The Indian Gazette was the first English newspaper of Irrdo-Bang adesh.
Kinds of newspapers : There are many kinds of newspapers. They are dailies, the weeklies, the monthlies, the bi-weeklies. The dailies give us fresh news and views of the day. There are many kinds of newspaper in the world." Newspapers in Bangladesh : There are many newspapers in Bangladesh. They are the Ittefaq. the Sangbad, the Inquilab, the Janakantha, the Ajker Kagoj, the Jugantar, the Daily Star, the New Nation, the Bangladesh Observer etc. Contents : A newspaper contains all sorts of news and views, the market news, the political news, the sports news. The newspaper contains articles on agriculture, science, literature, arts, music, education film etc. It contains current news oit, various current topics and incidents. Besides, the periodic and the magazines contain stories, poems, essays, novels, dramas etc.
Usefulness : A newspaper is very useful and important to all classes of people, It is the cheapest and the easiest means of mass communication and education. It als(i gives. us pleasure and joy and helps to grow public opinion. Students can enrich the kingdom of their knowledge by reading newspapers. By reading newspapers we can know many current news of various current topics and incidents of the world. The students, the artists, the lawyers and politicians can know many useful things by reading newspapers.
Bad effects/ Demerits : In spite of the. great importance and usefulness, a newspaper has some demerits/ defects too. Sometimes,. it publishes false and vague news which creates confusion and excitement among the people and (creates) misunderstanding, chaos and even crashes in the society.
Conclusion : A newspaper is the mirror of the whole world. Modern life is fully dependent on a newspaper. Without a newspaper we cannot even think of our own life. So, we should read newspaper daily. We should develop the habit of reading and buying newspapers. False and partial news should not be published, in a newspaper.
Introduction: Man cannot live alone. He lives with others in society. He inhabits a particular place with others making a home of his own. These others who live near about his dwelling place are his neighbours. I have many neighbours. Of them all, I like one most.
His name, age and occupation: The neighbour whom I like most is my nestdoor neighbour. His name is Mr. Ariful Islam. He is a young man of twenty six years of age. He is a student of the University of Chittagong. He reads is M.A. Class. His subject in English. He will sit for the final examination this year.
How long known and relationship: We have been known to each other for about five years. I look upon him with great love and admiration. I consider him to be an ideal young man. He is friendly to me. He guides me too. He has also great affection for me. He stands by me in my prosperity and adversity as well.
His qualities: He is endowed with many qualities of head and heart. He is a good student. He has so far achieved good results in his examinations. He is an outstanding sportsman. He excels in playing cricket and badminton. He is also good at painting and music. Besides, he has the habit of writing in the newspaper as a columnist. He is very helpful to the neighbours including me. (He never does anything that is likely to prove harmful to our interest. Moreover, he participates in different activities of social welfare.)
Reason of my liking: My. Arif is my good neighbour. He has a sound health. He is tall, well-built and very handsome to look at. He is, by nature, amiable and cheerful. He is a very good sportsman. He always considers the good of his neighbours. He visits us on every happy occasion and expresses his joy. If anything unhappy happens, he comes as soon as he gets the news and expresses his sympathy. In my distress, he always stands by me and tries to remove it. I do not find my blemish in his personality. So, it like him very much.
Conclusion: A good neighbour is a good friend to his other neighbours. Mr. Arif is of same type. He treats us well. He helps us in all possible ways, In fact, he stands by all of his neighbours in prosperity and in adversity. I am really proud of having such an ideal student as my neighbour.
THE NIGHT BEFORE EXAMINATION
The night before examination is an unusual night. It comes in different ways to different students. But to all students it comes with a great deal of tension.
The night before examination is full of intense suspense. The thought about what questions may come in the examination haunts the minds of the examinees. At one moment one feels hopeful and confident. At the next moment the mind seems to be blank. Things slip out of the memory; the examinees seem to forget what they have learnt. A good student has studied regularly throughout the whole year. To him every day is a day of preparation. So, before the examination his mind does not appear blank. He can take the examination at ease. On the night before the examination he goes through the well-marked passages in the textbook. He does not ransack all kinds of ‘Notes’ and Guide-books. He does not tax his brain too much. He enjoys a sound sleep for the most part of the night. In the morning he feels fresh and goes to the examination hall with a sound mind in a sound body.
A student who wastes his time throughout the year finds himself quite at sea on the night before the examination. He skims over all kinds of ‘Notes’ and ‘Guide books’ that land him nowhere. He may be moved by the rumours of questions being leaked out. In that case he may run from person to person for answers to those questions. But in fact, he can keep nothing in his memory. Even he forgets those answers which he learns carefully. Anxiety and nervousness fill his mind. His mind becomes ill at ease. He passes a sleepless night. He becomes sick in the morning. He goes to the examination hall with a ruffled mind and jaded nerves.
Every student should have a restful sleep on the night before examination. He must keep his mind free from undue worries and anxieties. But such a composed state of mind depends on the degree of preparation that the examinee has made. The time for preparation is not the night before the examination but the span of the whole year.
THE NIGHT BEFORE THE EXAMINATION .
The word 'examination' always arouses some fear and creates nervousness among most of the students. It is said that student life would have been happiest part of a man's life if there were no examination. Whatever, may be the preparation, the night before the examination is usually full of tension to the students.
The students with good preparation simply turn over the pages of books or notes and ponder over the probable questions and their answers. But the students who neglected their studies at the beginning of the year, become totally upset. They cannot decide what to read and do. They start reading one topic and then pass on to another.
I am an inattentive student. I did not work hard from the beginning of the year. But now I realise what mistake I have done. It was 6 p.m. I started memorizing an answer. But I could not concentrate. There arose suspicions in me that the question might not come. Then I left it and started reading another answer. Until I I p.m. I revised only onefourth of the syllabus.
I closed my eyes and wanted to remember the answers. But alas! I couldn't remember. Everything rushed before my memory in piecemeal. I began to pull my hair. Then I tried to write some answers. The clock struck two. I lay down on the bed and closed my eyes. In a short time I began to dream. I was in the Examination Hall. The question was not so hard. I began to write. Hardly had I written answers to two questions when the final bell rang. The invigilator took away my answer script. I was requesting him to allow some more time. Just then I felt a push on my head and found my younger sister trying to wake me. I sat on my bed and looked at the watch. It was 5:30 a.m. I washed my hands and face and sat to read again. Thus the night before the examination came to an end.
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