SCIENCE IN EVERYDAY LIFE Since the dawn of civilizations, science or systematic study is behind the step-by-step progress to the present position. From a pin to a rocket we can see the marvels of science. Today science is the part and parcel of our existence. The more developed a society is, the greater access it has to modern amenities. Modern life cannot be thought of without science. Indeed, modern civilization is based on the achievements of science. The blessings of science are too many to describe at one place. A modern town is planned scientifically. Communication and sanitation are made by science. Streets and houses are lighted by science. Cinema shows, radio, electric fans are all gifts of science. Motor cars, telephones, televisions are all made by science. Again, scientific machines purify and supply drinking water. Mills and factories are run with the help of science. Modern industry cannot go without science. Thus, if we have a closer look on life, we will see that it is full of contributions of science. When we get up from bed and cast our glance at the clock we realise how important time is. Science has measured time with precision. The first thing we take early in the morning is tea, it is science that has given us this exhilarating drink. The daily newspaper that we take up then to satisfy our hunger for information is also a product of science. The items of news are not only gathered daily from all over the world, but also printed on a mass scale through different scientific process. The fast moving vehicles save our time while going to work to distant places. Different people use different vehicles --- buses or cars or times or cycles -- all of which are the blessings of science. From the invention of aeroplane to the present, science has created wonders like supersonic jets faster than sound. Even we can take a journey to the moon and other planets with the help of science. Communication is the nervous system of the modern world. Now the telephones have connected the whole world through man-made satellite. Air-cooler, refrigerator, cassette-recorder, video, fax and so on are striving towards perfection and add to our comfort. There is no construction with calculation. For quick result, calculators, computers, quick print photography, printing machine, photostat all have amazed us. In heavy duty the cranes, the rollers, the tractors, the bulldozers are giants of science. Science has relieved human suffering. Modern man fights diseases scientifically. Science has helped to restore eye-sight by transplanting cornea, heart beat by open heart surgery. And many such things are miracles of science which has mitigated the suffering of the millions. Science has contributed much to facilitate and expedite the spreading of education among the people. Printing press has made books cheap and available to masses. Thousands of books and magazines are printed and widely circulated by scientific means. The paper on which these are printed is produced from pulps by science. The blessings of science are felt even in the process of our thought. It has systematised our ideas, changed our outlook and done away with superstitions. Rural people are also influenced by scientific inventions in their daily life. They so long moved in bullock carts from place to place and used handloom cloth and indigenous medicines. But today their journey to a distant place cannot be done without railway and steamer. They use buses when they pass along highway. During dark night they use torch lights and during leisure time they listen to stereo-cassettes and transistors. But great has been the achievements of science, it has its dark side too. By making too much of machines we are becoming machines ourselves, and run the risk of losing our souls. To save ourselves from that evil fact, we should not allow science to get mastery over us but should use it only as a servant. Science is a powerful weapon in the hands of man. It is for man to use it wisely. Let us hope that science will be utilised to feed the hungry, rehabilitate the shelterless, mitigate the sufferings of the ailing ones and be the saviours of mankind.
Science in Everyday Life / Wonders of Science / Blessings of Science Nowadays scientific inventions are performing miracles. Modern civilization is the blessing of science. Today man has conquered the nature with the help of scienc: That is, wherever we cast our eyes, we see the influence of uncommon achievement of science. Scientific inventions are very startling. They add innovative things to our knowleds and bring comfort to human life. Indeed, we can not think of our life even for a d;, without science. The fruits of science are mostly enjoyed in a city or in a town. It a part and parcel of human civilization. Science has conquered time, distance and space. Indeed science has brought about a radical change in our life. Scientific planning of city and its sewerage a sanitation system, supply of electricity and pure water have made our life comf table. Modern machineries at factories, use of power tiller, power pumps a fertilizers in agriculture all have contributed to the economic development of country. Rural electrification is really significant to the villagers. At home, we ha fan, light, radio, television, tape-recorder, refrigerator, telephone etc. with ha made our life comfortable. Bus, train, alarm-clock, paste, brush, newspaper, boo oven, lift are all products of science. The cinema, computer, telex, fax, e-mail internet and medicine are among the wonderful gifts of science. Scientific inventions and discoveries have enabled men to conquer floods, drought, famine a epidemics. Tractors, power-pumps, fertilizers etc. have developed our agriculture. Cultivate use scientific implements. Irrigation facilities are widened. Unlimited mills, factor and industries have been created with the influence of science. In a word, t agricultural and industrial fields are absolutely revolutionized by modern science. Indeed, science has removed our manifold sufferings. X-ray, Ultraviolet ray, Ultra sonography, E.C.G. and penicillin treatment are the blessings of science. Hospitals, private clinics and doctors can not go even for a day without these. Science has also analysed and classified things of our food according to the vitamins, calorific value and mineral basis. It has explained to us about a balanc diet. Rural people are also influenced by scientific inventions in their daily life. Science is not only a blessing but also a curse. It is the source of power in t world politics. Scientists make innumerable inventions and the politicians use th for their own advantage. For instance, Nagashaki and Hiroshima in Japan w destroyed by Atom Bomb. But science is not responsible for destruction of people and civilization. Progress of mankind is reflected in the scientific development. Science has ma possible today what was impossible yesterday. In fact, the wonders of science undeniable. If the power of science is used for the welfare and prosperity mankind, the world will turn into a heavenly place. SCIENCE IN EVERY DAY LIFE Since the dawn of civilizations, science or systematic study is behind the step by step progress to the present position. From a pin to a rocket we can see the marvels to science. Today science is the part and parcel of our existence. The more developed a society is, the greater access it has to modern amenities. Modern life cannot be thought of without science. Indeed, modern civilization is based on the achievements of science. The blessings of science are too many to describe at one place. A modern town is planned scientifically. Communication and sanitation are made by science. Streets and houses are lighted by science. Cinema shows, radio, electric fans are all gifts of science. Motor cars, telephones, televisions are all made by science. Again, scientific machines purify and supply drinking water. Mills and factories are run with the help of science. Modern industry cannot go without science. Thus, if we have a closer look on life, we will see that it is full of contributions of science. When we get up from bed and cast our glance at the clock we realise how important time is. Science has measured time with precision. The first thing we take early in the morning is tea, it is science that has given us this exhilarating drink. The daily newspaper that we take up then to satisfy our hunger for information is also a product of science. The items of news are not only gathered daily from all over the world, but also printed on a mass scale through different scientific process. The fast moving vehicles save our time while going to work to distant places. Different people use different vehicles --- buses or cars or times or cycles -- all of which are the blessings of science. From the invention of aeroplane to the present, science has created wonders like supersonic jets faster than sound. Even we can take a journey to the moon and other planets with the help of science. Communication is the nervous system of the modern world. Now the telephones have connected the whole world through man-made satellite. Air-cooler, refrigerator, cassette-recorder, video, fax and so on are striving towards perfection and add to our comfort. There is no construction with calculation. For quick result, calculators, computers, quick print photography, printing machine, photostat all have amazed us. In heavy duty the cranes, the rollers, the tractors, the bulldozers are giants of science. Science has relieved human suffering. Modern man fights diseases scientifically. Science has helped to restore eye-sight by transplanting cornea, heart beat by open heart surgery. And many such things are miracles of science which has mitigated the suffering of the millions.
Science has contributed much to facilitate and expedite the spreading of education among the people. Printing press has made books cheap and available to masses. Thousands of books and magazines are printed and widely circulated by scientific means. The paper on which these are printed is produced from pulps by science. The blessings of science are felt even in the process of our thought. It has systematised our ideas, changed our outlook and done away with superstitions. Rural people are also influenced by scientific inventions in their daily life. They so long moved in bullock carts from place to place and used handloom cloth and indigenous medicines. But today their journey to a distant place cannot be done without railway and steamer. They use buses when they pass along highway. During dark night they use torch lights and during leisure time they listen to stereo-cassettes and transistors. But great has been the achievements of science, it has its dark side too. By making too much of machines we are becoming machines ourselves, and run the risk of losing our souls. To save ourselves from that evil fact, we should not allow science to get mastery over us but should use it only as a servant. Science is a powerful weapon in the hands of man. It is for man to use it wisely. Let us hope that science will be utilised to feed the hungry, rehabilitate the shelterless, mitigate the sufferings of the ailing ones and be the saviours of mankind. Science in Everyday Life Or, Blessing of Scieuj:e An. Our Daily Life Or, The Value of ,Science in Our Everyday Life Introduction : Now we live in the age of science. Wherever we cast our eves, we can see 'the blessings of science. It has made our life very easy, comfortable and enjoyable. We cannot think of our life without the blessings of science. From dawn ! o mid-night we feel the importance and the value of science in our everyday life. Science in house : Science plays an important role in our house-hold activities. Everything used in the house is the blessing of science. Tooth brushes, toothpastes, mirrors.- combs. pens, clothes, papers. shoes, utensils etc. of daily use are the blessings of science. Electric fans and air-conditioners have made us happy and comfortable at home.
In recreation : Science has invented many wonderful things for our enjoyment. We lase the radio, television, tape recorder, V.C.R, gramophone. etc. for recreation /enjoyment at home. They help us to forget our sorrows and pains of life And remove monotony of day's hard labour.. - In communication : Science also plays an important :role in communication-Telephone, telegram, telex, fax, wireless, mobile, etc. are the most useful blessings of science. We can send or receive news and. messages from any, .part of the ·worldwithin A second by using the useful inventions /wonders of modern science. Science leas conquered distance and time wonderfully. In medical science : Science has lessened human sufferings and save human fife. Penicillin, X-ray, Ultrasonography, E.C.G, radio-therapy etc. are the blessings of science in the field of medical science. Science has given eyes to the, blind and" hearing to the deaf, voice to the dumb and legs to the lame. It has also lessened the death rate of population. In transport: Science is also a great blessing in transport. We call travel hundreds of miles within a short time by cars, buses, trains, steamers, aeroplanes and rocket. Man has already landed on the moon by rocket. So science has made our journey. very easy, coniforfable and quick. It has wonderfully conquered distance and time. In agriculture: Science has brought about a radical change in our agriculture. Tractors, power-pump, power tillers, deep tube wells, chemical fertilizers and insect powders are the great blessings of science. By using them, our farmers can grow better and bumper crops. In education : Science is another great blessing in education. Paper mills and printing presses have made civilization richer. Thousands of books, newspapers, magazines etc. are being printed everyday which help education reading rapidly. By reading them, we can enrich our kingdom of knowledge. Now computer, an electric brain works in spreading education too. In sports and games : Many important devices like camera, electric bulbs. computer etc. are widely used in sports and games. Cricket, an international game is quite impossible without computer. So science is a great blessing in the field of games and sports too. In rural area/life : The rural life is also impossible without the blessings of science. Bicycle, rickshaws, motorcycles etc. carry village people to their working places. Torches give them light at night. Electricity and motor vehicles have made rural life very easy, comfortable, happy, cheerful, playful. decent and enjoyable. Bad effect/ curse/ demerits/havocs/ evil effects : Sometimes the inventions of science bring us great curse instead of blessing. The smoke from cars, buses, mills and factories pollutes air seriously which is very harmful to health. In war time, deadly weapons kill thousands of
valuable lives and destroy cities and villages. Conclusion : Though the inventions of science have some demerits, it has a lot of merits and importance in our life. The value of science is very great in our everyday life. In order to make 'our life more enjoyable, the gifts of science should be, utilized properly and carefully. THE VALUE OF SCIENCE IN EVERYDAY LIFE Ours is art age of modern science. And life in this age cannot be thought of without science. In the present century, science seems to reach its maturity. Every invention of modern science is a wonderful phenomenon. The television is a wonderful modern invention. It brings the whole world closer. In the television we do not hear news only but we see about it. It is the most popular instrument for recreation to the modern people. On a television we enjoy, music, dances, theatres, sports and games. Of all the wonders of modern science the computer is the most striking to me. It works just like Aladin's magic lamp. The computer is a phenomenal invention of modern science. It can solve a great problem in the twinkling of an eye. After the invention of the computer, unprecedented progress is found in every sphere of human needs, such as industry, research, trade and commerce, medicine etc. The usage of the computer in millitary science helps the superpowers to dominate the whole world. It has been proved very fruitful in space research. The artificial satellite is another wonder of modern science. It is used for a variety of purposes. The first artificial satellite named Sputnik-I was sent by USSR on 4th October, 1957. Satellites are of different types such as weather satellites, earth satellites, communication satellites and navigation satellites. Whatever modern science has invented, are all wonderful. One is not less wonderful than the other. In the field of diagnoses and the treatment of diseases the contribution of science is astronomical. SEASONS IN BANGLADESH No one in Bangladesh is far removed from Nature. Even without looking at the calendar one knows of the seasonal changes, for Nature itself changes with all seasons. In Bangladesh the year is traditionally divided into six seasons. At an interval of every two months there comes a new season. We hear new sounds and enjoy new scenes in each season. Everything changes. The change from one season to anther is quite gradual. The seasonal variations are not, therefore, very great. The Bengali names of these seasons are ‘Grishma’, ‘Barsha’, ‘Sharat’, ‘Hemanta’, ‘Sheet’ and ‘Basanta’. In English, they are respectively summer, the rains, autumn, the late autumn, winter and spring. Due to the annual motion of the earth they are caused. Summer, the first season of the Bengali year, consists of ‘Baishak’ and ‘Jaistha’. This corresponds to the period from the middle of April to the middle of June. It is the hottest season of the year. It is the season of scorching sun. It is not, however as dry as it is supposed to be. There are occasional rain and northwester. The earth and the air are, therefore, often damp. There are dry spells too. Burning sun characterises the days during these periods. The monsoon sets in towards the end of this season. Schools and colleges remain closed for sometime during this season. Ponds and tanks dry up and many villages suffer much from the scarcity of drinking water. Sometimes cholera, small-pox and measles break out here and there in an epidemic form. The fruits that are available in this season give it a special charm. It is the season of mangoes, jack-fruits, lichis and many other fruits. The second season is the rainy season. The months of ‘Asharh and ‘Sravan’ make the rainy season. According to the traditional division, it is from the middle of June to the middle of August. In this season the sky remains cloudy and sometimes it rains all day long. Monsoon showers are more frequent. In some years, the first half of this season is not much different from summer. The second half, however, is almost always marked by cloudy sky and heavy rainfall. Most fields go under water. People in villages move from one place to another by boat. But this season helps grow jute, paddy and crops. The next two months, ‘Bhadra’ and ‘Aswin’, are called autumn. It is from the middle of August to the middle of October. During this season, the sky clears up and the water in the canals and low lands gradually begin to dry up. Sometimes cyclones work havoc in this season. The weather continues to be hot. The air is humid. Plenty of fish is available in this season. The autumn rolls into the late autumn. ‘Kartik’ and ‘Agrahayan’ make the late autumn of ‘Hemanta’. In the first half of this season, there are light showers at intervals but the second half is dry. Dewdrops begin to fall in this season. Harvesting of golden crops begins soon and the peasants become happy. ‘Aman’ paddy is harvested in this season. So, it is a season of comparative plenty. Everyone feels very comfortable, as it is neither hot nor cold. After ‘Hemanta’ comes winter, the dry and cold season of the year. In Bengali it is called ‘Sheet’. During the winter, the days are shorter than the nights. It lasts for the months ‘Pous’ and ‘Magh’. Sometimes strong north-wind blows and we feel biting cold. Leaves turn yellow and begin to fall. Poor people suffer much from cold. Birds and other animals also suffer from cold. Plenty of vegetables, ‘gur’ and ‘patali’ are the special charms of this season. At last there comes the spring, the most charming season. It is really the pleasant and king of all the seasons. It lasts for the months of ‘Falgoon’ and ‘Chaitra’. It is neither too cold nor too hot. Everything in nature looks bright and beautiful. Trees put on new leaves. Flowers bloom and a gentle breeze blows. The cuckoo sings and there is joy everywhere. On the whole, spring presents a feast of colour, music and fragrances. Nature looks charmingly fresh and full of life. But in this season, fatal diseases like small pox and dysentery break out and take away precious lives. Nature has influenced on human beings. It refreshes our mind. We can enjoy the aspects of nature in the different seasons of the year. The six seasons go on a cycle giving Bangladesh beauty, variety and plenty. And we are also lucky to enjoy them. SEASONS OF BANGLADESH The word ‘season’ means a period of the year in tropical countries when it is either very dry or it rains a lot. It’s a period of time during a year when a particular activity happens or is done. But in Bangladesh, there are six seasons. Each season contains two months. We hear new sounds and enjoy new scenes in each season. The people also heel different in each season. They forget the monotony of life and start their daily work. Among six seasons, each season has its own feature. We heel different in each season. The main seasons are Summer, Rainy Season, Autumn, Winter and spring. Spring is the king of season. Because it is the most beautiful of all season. Summer is the first season in Bengali calendar. Baisakh and Jaistha constitute summer. During summer the sun shines hotly. The heat is terrible. The waters go dry from the pond, canal, river. There is scarcity of water everywhere. The earth gets parched. People sweat at the light work and become tired and thirsty. There is so hot. People cannot work easily. Summer is also the season of various fruits. Various seasonal fruits ripe then. Our national fruits Jackfruit and sweet fruit mango is come out then. Sometimes Kalbaishakhi sweeps over the country and causes harm and make many people homeless. ‘Kalbaishakhi’ is the signal of the rainy season. After summer come the rainy season. It is most welcome to the people became people leave sigh of relief from excessive heat. The sky is overcast with clouds and the sun cannot be seen for days. It rains heavily now and then, sometimes cats and dogs and in small Pods, canals, rivers, lakes and rivers are full of water during this season. The earth and roads are wet and muddy. Rain is a great blessing for our country. Our agriculture depends on this rain. If the rain does not come in time, our farmers cannot reap a good harvest. Rain carries away dirty from everywhere. Sometime, heavy rainfall causes great flood and bring miseries to people. After the rain come the autumn. Bhadra and Aswin are the months of this season. Rain is not so abundant. The sky is clear. White clouds float in the sky. People especially the farmers look happy because they go to the market with loads of jute and earn money. The late Autumn is followed by the winter. Winter looks gloomy. Trees become bare of leaves. Days are very short and the nights are very long. People shiver in cold. Winter is welcome to the rich because they can wear their warm clothes but the poor suffers much from cold. They burn dry leaves and straw to warm themselves. Birds and other animals also suffer from cold. Various delicious vegetables grow in this season and people eat them. It is the season of fag. Spring is the best of all season. It is the king of the season. It is neither too cold nor too hot. Trees get new leaves and flowers. A gentle breeze blows and makes everyone happy. In this season we hear the sweet singing of cuckoo.
Season come and go. Sights and scenes change in very season. We enjoy varieties of nature the whole year. But we suffer if nature does not behave anytime. Seasons of Bangladesh Bangladesh is a land of uncommon natural beauty. By turns, six seasons visit Bangladesh. Each of this periodical change is called a season. They are the Summer, the Rainy season, the Autumn, the Late Autumn, the Winter and the Spring. In summer, the sun shines brightly. The land becomes dry. Violent storms and cyclones occasionally break out. Life becomes miserable. But delicious fruits like mangoes, jackfruits, lichies etc. are available and sold at a cheap price. Some sweet smelling flowers such as hasna-hena, shandhya malati etc. bloom in the summer evening. The first two Bengali months Baishakh and Jaishtha make the season of summer. After summer, the rainy season begins. There are frequent rains in this season. Sometimes it rains heavily for days together. The sun is seldom seen. Heavy rainfall causes floods. Cattle, houses and crops are washed away by the flood. Farmers plough their lands and sow seeds. Paddy and jute grow well in this season. Asharh and Shraban are'the months of rainy season. It comes after the rainy season. The sky looks deep blue and clear. White clouds sometimes float hither and thither, but rains stop. Different flowers blossom and their sweet scent charms us. Dew falls. Bhadra and Ashwin make the autumn season. The late autumn follows the autumn closely. Dew begins to fall in the early morning. The cultivators begin to harvest the crops. It announces the dawn of winter. Kartik and Agrahayan make this season. It comes after the late autumn. In winter, trees shed their leaves and nature looks dull and old. Paddy is harvested. Some delicious vegetables such as -beans, tomatoes, cauliflower, cabbages etc. are available in plenty. The earth looks hazy as there are fogs everywhere. Warm clothes are used in winter. Poush and Magh are the winter months. The spring follows winter. It is the season of beauty and pleasure. Flowers bloom and birds sing sweetly. Gentle breeze blows and nature looks fresh. Falghun and Chaitra constitute the spring. Indeed, the seasons of Bangladesh are excellent. Nature influences living beings. It refreshes our mind and body. We can enjoy the beauty of nature in the different seasons of the year.
SPRING IN BANGLADESH Bangladesh is a land of uncommon natural beauty. In every two months there comes a change in its natural beauty. This change is called the season. It is caused due to the natural motion of the earth. Of all seasons the spring is the most charming and delightful. So, it is called the ‘King of seasons’. This is the season which has inspired so many poets to write many lyrical poems. So, it is my darling season. Everybody welcomes the spring with hearth full of joy. In Bangladesh spring is reckoned as consisting of the last two months of the Bengali year, that is, ‘Falgun’ and ‘Chaitra’. This period corresponds roughly to the period from the middle of February to the middle of April. During this month cold wind blows by day, and at night it is bitterly cold. In Spring the weather is sunny. Nature looks bright and gay. There is hardly any mist. It is only hazy near the horizon in the morning and in the evening. In early spring the sky is cloudless but as the season advances, patches of white clouds are found floating across the sky. Towards the end of this season, Bangladesh receives a few light showers. Ploughing begins, and some fields are sown. The cuckoo heralds spring. With the advent of spring, Nature puts on a gay and lively appearance. As days warm up, nature begins to revive. Fresh grass grows and gives a green look to meadows and unploughed fields. Trees and plants put forth new leaves. Mango trees burst into blossom in this season and so do number of other trees. Bushes, too, burst into blossom. Flowers bloom forth in thousands. They are of numerous colours. Some of them please the eye, while others charm both the eye and the sense of smell. They attract butterflies, which add more colour and charm. The air becomes heavy with their fragrance. Spring is the most melodious of seasons. The cuckoo is of course, there with its sweet song. It not only heralds the loveliest season but also adds to its charm by pouring forth its sweet music. Other birds, too, feel a fresh pulse of life and look more lively. Some birds fly from branch to branch and from tree to tree in pairs and coo with liveliness. Some other birds flock together on the ground. They hop about and chirp or chatter. Thousand blended notes joined with the humming of bees make Bangladesh a land of dream in this season. Spring is a charming and refreshing season, but its pleasure is sometimes marred by the out break of some dreadful diseases. Small pox is one of them. It strikes terror in every heart. In this season there is often a scarcity of pure drinking water in many of our villages. This often leads to an outbreak of cholera. Had there been no such diseases, we would have enjoyed this season with more zest. The spring is the season that stirs even a tragic life. Its arrival gladdens our heart and we welcome her for her blessings. We spring up with the coming of spring. The spring is the season which gives delight to boys and girls, men and women, young and old. The spring is the season of joy, comfort and vivacity. The spring makes our land beautiful with vegetation, light and colour. This is why I like the spring most. SPRING IN BANGLADESH Introduction: Bangladesh is a land of uncommon natural beauty. In every two months there comes a change in its natural beauty. This change is called the season. It is caused due to the natural motion of the earth. Of all seasons the spring is the most charming and delightful. So, it is called the ‘King of seasons’. This is the season which has inspired so many poets to write many lyrical poems. So, it is my darling season. Everybody welcomes the spring with hearth full of joy. Its duration: In Bangladesh spring is reckoned as consisting of the last two months of the Bengali year, that is, ‘Falgun’ and ‘Chaitra’. This period corresponds roughly to the period from the middle of February to the middle of April. This period is spring according to the traditional view. In actual fact, the whole of February is cold. A cold wind blows by day, and at night it is bitterly cold. The spring months are, in fact, March and April. These two months are warm by day and cool at night. The condition of weather in spring: In Spring the weather is sunny. Nature looks bright and gay. There is hardly any mist. It is only hazy near the horizon in the morning and in the evening. In early spring the sky is cloudless but as the season advances, patches of white clouds are found floating across the sky. Towards the end of this season, Bangladesh receives a few light showers. Ploughing begins, and some fields are sown. Nature in spring: The cuckoo heralds spring. With the advent of spring, Nature puts on a gay and lively appearance. As days warm up, nature begins to revive. Fresh grass grows and gives a green look to meadows and unploughed fields. Trees and plants put forth new leaves. Mango trees burst into blossom in this season and so do number of other trees. Bushes, too, burst into blossom. Flowers bloom forth in thousands. They are of numerous colours. Some of them please the eye, while others charm both the eye and the sense of smell. They attract butterflies, which add more colour and charm. The air becomes heavy with their fragrance. Spring birds: Spring is the most melodious of seasons. The cuckoo is of course, there with its sweet song. It not only heralds the loveliest season but also adds to its charm by pouring forth its sweet music. Other birds, too, feel a fresh pulse of life and look more lively. Some birds fly from branch to branch and from tree to tree in pairs and coo with liveliness. Some other birds flock together on the ground. They hop about and chirp or chatter. Thousand blended notes joined with the humming of bees make Bangladesh a land of dream in this season. Sights and sounds of Spring: As soon as spring sets in, a gentle breeze from the south begins to blow. It spreads the sweet smell of flowers and makes the air balmy and fragrant. It passes through the fresh leaves and produces a sweet rustling sound in the air. To this music is added the sweet twitter of the birds. What a great variety of them! The ‘wandering notes’ of the cuckoo go direct to the heart. The Disadvantages of the Spring: Spring is a charming and refreshing season, but its pleasure is sometimes marred by the out break of some dreadful diseases. Small pox is one of them. It strikes terror in every heart. In this season there is often a scarcity of pure drinking water in many of our villages. This often leads to an outbreak of cholera. Had there been no such diseases, we would have enjoyed this season with more zest. Contrast with other seasons: In the cycle of seasons the spring occupies an exalted position. It is rich in colour, beauty, music and fragrance. Though winter in Bangladesh is not so severe as that in western countries, it presents somewhat dull and dreary aspect. The scorching sun, hot days and sweltering nights make life especially disagreeable in summer. The damp and humidity of the rainy season add greatly to our discomfort. Spring has none of the inconveniences of these seasons. Coming after winter it captivates the hearts of people all at once and when summer follows people bewail its passing away. Effect on human life: Nature turns over a new leaf in the spring. A gentle breeze blows. Trees are full of new leaves. Gardens laugh with flowers. Birds sing merrily. The sweet smell of flowers comes along with breeze. The sweet humming of bees is heard. Everywhere there is reign of mirth. These charming sights and sounds exercise a great influence on the people of Bangladesh. People feel very much refreshed and cheerful. The people of Bangladesh have a distinctive nature. Much of this distinction must have come from the tender natural beauties that surround them. It is surely the spring that offers the largest number of charming sights and sounds and makes people forget the bleak winter days and prepare for the toilsome period of tilling, sowing and weeding. Conclusion: The spring is the season that stirs even a tragic life. Its arrival gladdens our heart and we welcome her for her blessings. We spring up with the coming of spring. The spring is the season which gives delight to boys and girls, men and women, young and old. The spring is the season of joy, comfort and vivacity. The spring makes our land beautiful with vegetation, light and colour. This is why I like the spring most.
THE CONDITION OF THE STREET CHILDREN
IN
BANGLADESH
Street and working children:
The street children in Bangladesh are those who earn their living off the city streets and stay there for most or all of the day. They may or may not have parents or legal guardians. The street is their home where they eat, sleep, make friends, work and play. The lives of most street children are characterised by unstable emotional relationships with negative self-image, social stigma, violence and exploitation. These children are almost always ill fed. Some survive on barely one meal a day; others get by on litter from restaurants or by scavenging municipality dustbins.
The working children are those between ages of 7 and 15 who generally work as domestic servants in private homes, in factories, small shops and restaurants. They work in the informal sector as scavengers, shoeshine boys and porters. There is nothing in the home of a street child that is appealing to him. Hence, he prefers to be away from his home which is over crowded, squalid and unhealthy.
The street and working children are a neglected group in Bangladesh society. They are seen as part of the floating population and are not included in the National Population Census. Whereas about 400,000 under the age of 15 work in the urban areas of Bangladesh, making up 12 per cent of the urban labour force. At present, about 50,000 children are employed in the garment sector. For many poor families the income that a child brings in is the only hope for survival.
The Girl Children on the street:
Although the vast majority of the street children are boys, there are a large number of girls as well. The girls leave home for the same reasons and some are probably abandoned by their families. If street life is hard for boys, it is even harder for girls, who additionally suffer abuse and sexual exploitation.
Once a girl is forced into prostitution, she can never return to her normal family life. In order to get away from the street, girls frequently take up employment as domestic helps. Unfortunately even there they are likely to become victims of violence and sexual abuse.
Domestic service is one of the major sectors of employment open to the urban poor, especially women and children. Maltreatment of these young children by family members (particularly the home mistress) is common. The child domestics usually suffer in silence for fear of losing the job. There is no legislation till now to protect these children.
Recent surveys have revealed that nearly 300,000 children, aged between 7 to 16 years, are on the streets in urban centres all across Bangladesh. In terms of tomorrow this projects a large generation of citizenry of the underprivileged class, who may be denied the childhood opportunities which are the inherent right of all children in a democratic society. To say that society can hardly afford to offer them even the basic necessities like food and shelter, to say nothing of education and vocational training means we are setting the fuse to a time bomb for posterity.
Most of these children on the streets are those abandoned by parents or guardians or are simply runaways from broken homes fleeing violence or sexual abuse. Here on the streets the homeless children, with or without parents or families, are subject not only to the ravages of nature but also to the deprivations of humans in the form of the brutality meted out by some members of the polices as well as the regular prosecution of hoodlums who later secure their recruits from among the boys. An enormous tragedy is that as many street children (especially girls) are victimised as sex workers, they fall prey to sexually transmitted diseases. In fact, almost all of them are subject to some form or other of STDs with syphilis, as is the global phenomena, accounting for nearly half the STD cases.
Where despair and frustration reign, the use of drugs is no surprise. And it is figured that more than a quarter of the total sex workers use syringes to inject the drug. The number of children on the streets represents a huge loss in a potential manpower to the nation. If they can be converted into a useful workforce, it will be of great value to the economy. Moreover, if the children are turned to worthy citizens, the number of possible criminals can be reduced.
Living on the streets children, whether at day or night, is at such hazards as at creeping, penetrating dust, the soot from exhausts and the heat of the sun. Slum quarters are avoided as these are frequently overcrowded and squalid. Services like water and sanitary facilities are worse in such settlements in terms of accessibility than on the streets. Most of the children work on the streets as long the daylight lasts and sometimes even beyond. Their work places range from commercial centres like officers and banks to busy zones like traffic intersections as well as bus and launch terminals, train stations and airports.
They serve as porters in bazars, scavengers or ‘tokais’, shoeshine boys, break bricks, sell newspapers or flowers or candies or cigarettes, wash plates in restaurants, clean cars or watch over them. A grim irony is that in many cases the family is dependent on such minor bread earners as the father is disabled, the mother chronically sick. It has been found that nearly half of the child workers earn about Taka 500 a month or thereabouts which appears to be sufficient to provide the bread earners perceived nutritional needs as well as that of another person. It has also been found that a quarter of the families on the street depend entirely on the child workers in the family as the parents do not work.
Circumstances lead the Children to Street:
Where have these street children come from? Why is the phenomenon of homeless youth a growing social problem? The answers are complex. Economic problems do not explain everything. Our society is experiencing a breakdown of traditional pattern of community life, which has led to a massive migration to the towns. The new migrants find homes in urban shanty towns where poverty, together with unemployment or underemployment further weakens family bonds and the fabric of society.
Quarrels and domestic violence enmesh the family atmosphere with debilitating tension, highly damaging to the psyche of the child and ultimately to the child’s physical well being. Studies have revealed that on an average the size of a family comes to about six members from toddlers to adult. So the pressure to earn or manage enough to fulfil even the barest minimal requirement for all the family members is agonisingly tremendous. What is most heart-rending is that the work where income is steady is that related to crime and sex. So naturally, even though disinclination is generally pronounced, children find themselves becoming the woeful victims of circumstances.
If the problem is to be solved, one has to strike at the roots. Such families and children are the result of urban overpopulation, the escalation of landless families from prolonged droughts, river erosion, floods, cyclones and similar calamities, man-made and natural. Polygamy, abandonment of the wife (one out of five families are estimated to be five families are estimated to be headed by the mother) all lead to children being on the streets in urban zones. Migration from the rural countryside to the urban areas is also triggered by lack of suitable unskilled job. Besides, the inability of the rural economic infrastructure to absorb such unskilled labour is difficult. In other words, it is grinding poverty which sends children to the streets.
When parents separate, the children get dispersed too, or, as the single parent is too busy working, the children cannot receive the needed parental care and counsel. Then again, there are cases when the parent / parents have remarried and the step-parent is not sympathetic and accommodating to the children from the other marriage.
The Convention on the Rights of the Child:
The Convention on the Rights of the Child was unanimously adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in November 1989 and became part of International Law in September 1990. It is considered to be the most widely accepted human rights treaty in history, that has been ratified by 187 of the 193 member countries of the UN. Bangladesh was one of the first countries both to sign and ratify the
Convention. The Convention’s 54 articles seek to ensure the wellbeing of all children and to protect them against all forms of exploitation, discrimination, neglect and abuse. The rights recognised in the Convention cover many areas including health, education, relation between children and parents, cultural activities, civil rights, exploitation of children and children in conflict with the law.
The Convention defines a child as ‘every person under the age of 18 years’. The rights contained in the Convention are generally categorised into four clusters.
These are: Survival Rights, Development Rights, Protection Rights, and Participation Rights. The Convention contains four key principles which are of the utmost importance in interpreting and applying its provisions.
These are:
1) Non -discrimination: All children are entitled to enjoy the rights set out in the Convention without discrimination on the grounds of gender, economic status, religion, language, ethnic origin, colour, disability or birth.
2) The Best Interests of the Child: Parents, parliament, the courts and order relevant authorities must be guided by the best interests of the child or children concerned in any action relating to children.
3) Parent’s Responsibilities in Upholding Children’s Rights: Parents have a responsibility to give appropriate guidance to their children about exercising their rights under the Convention.
4) Respect for Views of the Child: Children who are old enough to form their own views have the right to express them freely in all matters affecting them. The principle applies to all kinds of informal everyday decisions taken at home and at school.
The 1990 World Summit for Children resulted in a Declaration on the Survival, Protection and Development of Children. The Declaration, together with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, set an Agenda for securing the well being of children by the year 2000. However, for the majority of Bangladesh’s street working children, the Declaration (1990 World Summit for Children) and the Convention (CRC) remain a mere theory, far removed from the reality of their rights. Almost 80 percent of our children are chronically malnourished and sick. The infant mortality rate is still very high. Neither the state nor the family has been able to provide legal protection for the 400,000 children who work in the urban areas of Bangladesh.
Government’s Response:
No society could have any goal more important than to take care of its children, to educate them and provide for their future, and to take pains to form them into healthy citizens. Yet, the problems of coping with our street children are mainly left to the religious organisations, NGOs or other charitable institutions. However, the Government of Bangladesh has taken certain steps to improve the situation of urban children who are destitute orphaned or without shelter.
Community’s Response:
Recently, service oriented projects such is free school, medical and nutrition programmes exist in urban slum areas. Some NGOs and church-based organisations have been running programmes including shelters, dropping off centres, and mobile vocational training centres for street children.
Why importance should be given on this sector:
The negative attitude which the street environment generates can be a source of enormous resentment among the children over the course of time, if little or no help gets to them. Hurt as children by an uncaring society, these enormous mass of children, especially when on the threshold of adolescence take it as natural to hand out a similar harsh treatment to society.
Solutions must be found for the sake of the children and for the sake of society. To solve these problems, governments must take the lead and at the same time give support to NGOs, community-based organisation and others involved with the rehabilitation of street children. Improving the housing facilities could make a major contribution to the living conditions so that families and their children could have hope for a better tomorrow. Development is dependent on the physical and mental health of people. People who sleep on the streets or who live in unhygienic and overcrowded homes cannot fully develop emotionally, intellectually, economically, culturally or as a family. A family that is self-sustaining with food, shelter and routine health care assured has no need for the children to be out on the street. Programmes should be devoted also to provide the parents themselves with jobs or income-generating sources or activities. In fact, inadequate and insecure shelter can lead to social and political instability, which eventually hampers economic development. The right to shelter and education for our street children must, therefore, be seen as a public policy priority issue, and adequate financial, physical, institutional and human resources must be allocated.
Education is a priority. The street children need to be literate. Next, they have to be able to make a living. This means imparting some form of vocational training or skills training.
On the whole it is important that we give serious attention to the increasing number of street children and do our best to find a satisfactory solution to the problems.
STRIKE
'Strike' has been imported from the western countries to our country. Even only sixty to seventy years ago, this strike was unknown to our society.
Strike nowadays has become a regular issue in the Indian subcontinent and in other poor countries. Needless to say that poverty is the root cause of this strike.
This strike is one of the strongholds of vicious circle. The poor people are to revolve round this vicious circle of poverty.
There are the owners and the workers in mills and factories. In case of manifold problems and pressures— the owners become merciless towards the workers. Workers start to demand more in the face of greater necessity. The owners start not to listen to the limitless demand of the" workers. The owners of these mills, factories and industries naturally are richer. Workers and labourers being deprived of their dues, take resort to strike to press home their demand. Consequently. a clash between the workers and owners crop up.
Some people in Bangladesh are trying to create troubles and dislocations in the government. And that is why they are trying to use this good weapon of strike with an evil purpose. Today the necessity of strike is not prevailing that much in the country. No doubt, in a democratic country where everything is done by the people and for the people to call strike is a democratic right. But there must be some reasons. Without strong reasons or by making superfluous reasons to call strike to serve one's own interest is never desirable. A simple day's strike causes huge losses for this poor country. Many strikes we have come across.
It is high time, we gave up the culture of calling strike for triffling or no reason.
So, we have seen that the strike has both the sides— good and bad. We should try to use the good side of it and should try to refrain from the bad and evil side of it.
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