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THE LIBERATION WAR
The Bangladesh Liberation War, also known as the Bangladesh War of Independence, was a significant revolution and armed conflict that led to the creation of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. It was ignited by the rise of the Bengali nationalist and self-determination movement in East Pakistan in response to severe oppression and atrocities committed by the Pakistani military junta. The conflict began on March 25, 1971, when the Pakistani military launched Operation Searchlight to suppress the Bengali populace. This operation involved mass killings, deportations, and genocidal acts targeting Bengali civilians, students, intellectuals, and religious minorities.
Throughout the war, rural and urban areas of East Pakistan experienced extensive military operations and airstrikes aimed at quelling civil disobedience. The Pakistan Army, supported by Islamist groups and radical militias, perpetrated widespread violence and atrocities against the Bengali population. The capital city, Dhaka, witnessed numerous massacres, including the infamous Operation Searchlight and the Dhaka University massacre.
The Bangladesh Liberation War saw the formation of the Mukti Bahini, the national liberation army composed of Bengali military personnel, paramilitaries, and civilians. Led by General M. A. G. Osmani and eleven sector commanders, the Bangladesh Forces waged guerrilla warfare against the Pakistani military. Despite facing initial setbacks, they managed to liberate several towns and cities.
The conflict took a significant turn when India intervened on December 3, 1971, after Pakistan launched preemptive air strikes on North India. The Indo-Pakistani War that followed resulted in decisive victories for the Allied Forces of Bangladesh and India, leading to Pakistan's surrender in Dhaka on December 16, 1971.
The aftermath of the war saw the emergence of Bangladesh as an independent nation, marking a profound change in the geopolitical landscape of South Asia. The majority of United Nations member states recognized Bangladesh as a sovereign nation in 1972. Additionally, the war had implications for Cold War tensions, involving the United States, the Soviet Union, and China.
Overall, the Bangladesh Liberation War was a pivotal event in history, leading to the birth of a new nation and reshaping the dynamics of the region.
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