Read the following passage and answer the questions below:
Countries of the world rely heavily on petroleum, coal and natural gas for their energy sources. There are two major types of energy sources: renewable and nonrenewable. Hydro--carbon or fossil fuels are nonrenewable sources of energy. Reliance on them poses real big problems. First, fossil fuels such as oil, coal, gas etc., are finite energy (watch 75) resources and the world eventually will run out (PRUCH NIC) of them. Secondly, they will become too expensive (N91) in the coming decades and too damaging for the environment. Thirdly, fossil fuels have direct impact on earth's environment causing global warming. In contrast, renewable energy sources such as wind and solar energy are constantly and naturally replenished and never run out. Most renewable energy comes directly or indirectly from the sun. Sunlight and solar energy can be used for heating and lighting homes, for generating electricity and for other commercial and industrial uses. The sun's heat drives the wind and this wind energy can be captured with wind turbines to produce electricity. Then the wind and the sun's heat cause water to evaporate. When the water vapors turns into rain or snow and flows downhill into rivers or streams, its energy can be captured as hydroelectric energy. Along with the rain and snow, sunlight causes plants to grow. Plants produce biomass which again can be turned into fuels such as fire wood, alcohol, etc. identified as bio energy. Scientists have identified Hydrogen as another form of renewable energy source. It is the most abundant element in nature. But it does not exist separately as a gas. It is always combined with other elements, such as with oxygen to make water. Hydrogen, separated from another element, can be turned as a fuel to produce electricity. Our Earth's interior contains molten lava which gives off extreme heat. This heat inside the Earth produces steam and hot water which can be trapped as geothermal energy to produce electricity for heating homes, etc. Ocean energy comes from several sources. Ocean's force of tide and wave can be used to produce energy. The surface of the ocean gets more heat from the sun than the ocean depths. This temperature difference can be used as energy source too.
Multiple Choice Question
1. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives.
(a) The word 'captured' in the passage can be best replaced be
(i) imprisoned
(ii) arrested
(iii) encapsulated
(iv) trapped
Answer: ( (a) (iv) trapped
(b) What does the sun's heat do to the wind?
(i) capture
(ii) govern
(iii) protect
(iv) drive
Answer: (b) (iv) drive
(c) 'Countries of the world rely heavily on petroleum' here the underlined word means --
(i) trust
(ii) believe
(iii) depend
(iv) confide
Answer: c) (iii) depend
(d) Which of the following has the closest meaning of the phrase 'run out'?
(i) start
(ii) pause
(iii) begin
(iv) finish
Answer: (d) (iv) finish
(e) Which source of energy is cost--effective?
(i) natural gas
(ii) hydro carbon
(iii) petroleum
(iv) solar energy
Answer: (e) (iv) solar energy
(f) Which of the following is opposite in meaning to the word 'replenish'?
(i) restock
(ii) recollect
(iii) restore
(iv) deplete
Answer: (f) (iv) deplete
(g) What is the main purpose of the author of this text?
(i) suggesting people to use fossil fuels as much as possible
(ii) Advising us to find newer mines of coal, petroleum and gas.
(iii) To highlight our dependence on coal, oil and gas..
(iv) Showing the vast and reliable prospect of power generation
Answer: (g) (iv) Showing the vast and reliable prospect of power generation
Extra Questions:
(1) The word 'replenish' stands for----.
(i) continuously exhausted (ii) fill up again
(iii) finish (iv) flow
Answer: (1) (ii) fill up again
(2) Oil, gas and coal are called ----.
(i) fossil fuels (ii) hydro-carbon
(iv) solar energy (iv) renewable energy
Answer: (2) (i) fossil fuels
(3) ---- cause global warning.
(i) Green energies (ii) Solar energies
(iii) Fossil fuels (iv) Nothing
Answer: (3) (iii) Fossil fuels
(4) Hydrogen and oxygen are used to make----.
(i) fuel (ii) oil (iii) gas (iv) water
Answer: (4) (iv) water
(5) --- is the source of renewable energy.
(i) The moon (ii) The wind
(iii) The sun (iv) Oil
Answer: (5) (iii) The sun
(6) The real big problem are enacted depending on ----.
(i) petroleum and coal (ii) natural gas
(iii) renewable sources of energy (iv) non-renewable sources of energy
Answer: (6) (iv) non-renewable sources of energy
(7) Which energy sources do the countries of the world depend on?
(i) Petroleum (ii) Coal
(iii) Natural gas (iv) All stated above
Answer: (7) (iv) All stated above
(8) Hydro carbon is –--.
(i) Renewable (ii) non renewable
(iii) partly renewable (iv) none of them
Answer: (8) (i) Renewable
(9) Which one of the following refers to renewable energy?
(i) fossil oil (ii) solar energy
(iii) coal to (iv) natural.
Answer: (9) (ii) solar energy
(10) 'Reliance on them poses real big problem'. Here 'Reliance' is used as a ----.
(i) verb (ii) adverb
(iii) noun (iv) adjective
Answer: (10) (iii) noun
(11) Hydroelectric energy, bioenergy hydrogen geothermal energy and ocean energy comprise
(i) Renewable energy source
(ii) great assets
(iii) non renewable energy source
(iv) polling factors in the world
Answer: (11) (i) renewable energy source
(12) The word 'renewable' refers to--,
(i) fit to be renewable
(ii) repairable
(iii) indirect
(iv) natural
Answer: (12) (iv) natural
(13) The sun is responsible ----,
(i) for causing evaporation of sea water a then rain
(ii) for our environment pollution
(iii) for nonrenewable energy source
(iv) for causing shortage of sea water
Answer: (13) (i) for causing evaporation of sea water and then rain
(14) The word 'finite' means --
(i) limited
(ii) unlimited
(iii) enough
(iv) sufficient
Answer: (14) (i) limited
(15) Which of the following are non-renewable sources of energy?
(i) sun and wind (ii) rain and snow
(iii)wind and water (iv) hydrocarbon and fossil fuels
Answer: (15) (iv) hydrocarbon and fossil fuels
(16) Eventually means --
(i) finally
(ii) stale
(iii) consecutive
(iv) boring
Answer: (16) (i) finally
(17) Impact means --
(i) sandwich
(ii) effect
(iii) aliment
(iv) suction
Answer: (17) (ii) effect
(18) abundant means –
(i) moisten
(ii) clamor
(iii) gainsay
(iv) plentiful
Answer: (18) (iv) plentiful
(19) Interior means
(i) center
(ii) potluck
(iii) significant
(iv) enriched
Answer: (19) (i) center
(20) tremendous means --
(i) minimum
(i) normal
(iii) extreme
(iv) medium
Answer: (20) (iii) extreme
(21) Contain means —
(i) enthusiasm
(ii) esteem
(iii) achieved
(iv) include
Answer: (21) (iv) include
(22) Molten means —
(i)renal
(ii) putrid .
(iii) defeated
(iv) surface
Answer: (22) (ii) putrid
(23) What are two of types?
(i) coal
(ii) natural gas
(iii) energy
(iv) energy sources
Answer: (23) (iv) energy sources
(24) 'Run out' is a--,
(i) doubt word
(ii) phrase
(iii) couple
(iv) run out
Answer: (24) (ii) phrase
(25) The sun is the source of --
(i) gas
(ii) natural gas
(iii) renewable energy
(iv) renewable
Answer: (25) (iii) renewable energy
(26) Wind and solar energy are --,
(i) ended
(ii) non--re
(iii) constant are harmful to the environment and be eventually used up
(iv) run on
Answer: (26) (iii) constant are harmful to the environment and be eventually used up
(27) Closest meaning of the word 'recto.
line--3 is —
(i) existence
(ii) dependence
(iii) competence
(iv) prevalence
Answer: (27) (ii) dependence
(28) Dependence on nonrenewable so energy is not wise because these
energy
(i)are rare in the world
(ii) are harmful to the environment and be eventually used up
(iii) very expensive
(iv) are difficult to use
Answer: (28) (ii) are harmful to the environment and will eventually used up
(29) Which of the following has the closest mess
of the word 'heavily' used in the line 12
(i)Happily .
(ii)Directly
(iii) Certainly
iv) greatly
Answer: (29) (iv) greatly
(30) What does the expression reliance on them poses real big problem' in line 3 mean?
(i) dependence on renewable emperor sources will create great problems
(ii) dependence on nonrenewable energy y sources create certain great problems
(iii)to depend on natural power will create a dangerous situation
(iv) to believe in the power of renewable power is
Answer: (30) (ii) dependence on non-renewable energy sources create certain great problems
(31) Renewable energy can be best termed as --
(i) finite
(ii) fixed
(iii)replenish able
(iv) harmful
Answer: (31) (iii) replenishable
(32) The characteristics of hydrogen are
(i) its plentifulness and combined existence
(ii) its ability to create rain
(iii) its ability to produce to Oxygen
(iv) its great availability inside the earth
Answer: (32) (i) its plentifulness and combined existence
Short Question
2. Answer the following questions.
(a) What may happen if we rely solely on non-renewable energy sources?
Answer: (a) If we rely solely on non-renewable energy sources, we will face big problems. Firstly, these are finite energy resources and the world would eventually run out of them. Secondly, they will become very expensive. Thirdly, they have direct polluting impacts on earth's environment.
(b) What is the necessity of solar energy?
Answer: (b) The necessity of solar energy is that it is infinite and can be used again and again. It costs nothing because it is a natural resource and it can be replenished as it never runs out.
(c) How can we produce hydroelectric energy?
Answer: (c) Hydroelectric energy can be produced rivers or streams flow downhill at force by using turbine in the great current.
(d) Do you think that wind and solar energy are constantly and naturally
replenished? How?
Answer: (d) Yes, I think so. Because wind and sol energy are natural resources and they run out. Rather, they are constantly an naturally replenished.
(e) What are the major types of energy sources?
Answer: (e) There are two major types of energy sources namely renewable and non-renewable.
Extra Questions:
(1) Hydro-carbon or fossil fuels are nonrenewable sources of energy." Explain In 2/3 sentences.
Answer: (1) Hydro-carbon or fossil fuels are not unlimited and will run out one day. They can never be replenished or reused. They cannot be renewed for further use.
(2) What are fossil fuels? What are the types of energy sources?
Answer: (2) Fossil fuels are non-renewable sources of energy. There are two types of energy sources. They are renewable and non-renewable.
(3) What is global warming? What do you know about hydrogen?
Answer: (3) Global warming is the increasing temperature in the atmosphere. Hydrogen is one kind of gas combined with other elements. It is a form of renewable energy.
(4) What is hydro electric energy?
Answer: (4) Hydro electric energy is a renewable energy. It is produced by burning Hydrogen gas as a fuel.
(5) How do non-renewable energy play negative environment?
Answer: (5) Non-renewable energy such as fossil fuels have direct polluting impacts on the environment. They cause global warming.
1 (6) What are the positive features of renewable energy source?
Answer: (6) The positive features of renewable energy sources are that they are constantly and naturally replenished and never run out.
(7) Where is the renewable energy used?
Answer: (7) Renewable energy is used for heating and lighting homes, for generating electricity and for other commercial and industrial uses.
(8 ) Why is solar energy so important?
Answer: (8)Solar energy is so important because it can be used for heating and lighting homes, for generating electricity and for other commercial and industrial uses.
(9) Why will the fossil fuels become high expensive in the coming decades?
Answer: (9) The fossil fuels will become highly expensive in the coming decades because countries of the world rely heavily on them.
(10) How can ocean crier be used to produce energy?
Answer: (10) Ocean energy can be used to produce energy in different ways. Ocean's force of tide and wave can be used to produce energy. Besides, w the temperature of the surface water of the ocean can be used as energy source.
(11) Do you think, we should cut down our trees for non-renewable energy? Why/ Why not?
Answer: (11) No, we should not cut down our tree non-renewable energy. We should find the way how to use renewable energy to go ourselves and also our country.
(12) Why the renewable energy sources are limitless? Explain in brief, Should we use that?
Answer: (12) The renewable energy sources are limit It is related to nature. Nature is vast when has no limit. We should use that as they are renewable and environment friendly.
(13)Which resources should we use to produce energy? Why should we use that?
Answer: (13) We should use renewable sources to produce energy. We should use that to save our money, ourselves and also our country.
(14) How do non-renewable sources of energy pose a great threat to the environment?
Answer: 1(4) Non-renewable sources of energy pose great threat to the environment as they are not environment friendly. They produce carbon dioxide which is harmful for the environment.
(15)"Reliance on them poses real big problem." Explain.
Answer: (15) The quotation is about non-renewable energy sources. Our reliance on them poses a big problem as they are not environment friendly. They are responsible for global warming.
(16) What is the function of sun's heat?
Answer: (16) The sun's heat drives the wind, the energy of which can be captured with wind turbines to produce electricity
(17) Why are the wind and solar energy constant?
Answer: (17) The wind and solar energy are constant because they do not run out.
(18) What does water vapor do?
Answer: (18) Water vapour turns into rain or snow, and flows downhill into rivers or streams.
(19) Renewable energy comes either directly or indirectly from the sun. What does the writer want to mean by the sentence?
Explain 2/3 sentence.
Answer:(19) By the sentence the writer wants to mean that the sun is the major source of renewable energy. Sun light is infinite and never suns out. It is naturally replenished.
(20) What are according to the passage the sources of renewable energy?
Answer: (20) According to the passage the sources of renewable energy are sunlight, wind, hydrogen, bioenergy and geothermal energy.
(21) Do you support the idea that we should renewable energy source as Alternative to fossil fuels? Why Why not?
Explain in 2/3 sentence,
Answer: (21) Yes, I support the idea that we should utilize the renewable energy source as alternative to fossil fuels as renewable energy is constantly and naturally replenished and will never run out.
utilize (
(22 ) What do you mean by renewable energy sources?
Answer: (22) Renewable energy sources are such things which can naturally be replenished. They never run out and one can use these sources again and again.
(23) How will the fossil fuels be in near future and what will they do to
the environment?
Answer: (23)The fossil fuels will be very expensive in near future and they will be very much damaging for the environment to repair.
(24) What are the major differences between renewable and non-renewable energy sources?
Answer: (24) Renewable energy sources never end but non-renewable energy sources end. Renewable energy sources do not pollute the environment but non-renewable energy sources pollute the environment extensively and cause global warming. These are the major differences between renewable and non-renewable energy sources.
(25) Do you think we should cut down our uses of non-renewable fuels? Why? Why not?
Answer: (25) Yes, I think we should cut down our uses of non-renewable fuels, Non-renewable energy sources are very damaging for the environment. They are highly polluting the environment and causing global warming and for this we will have to suffer in near future. So, we should cut down our uses of non-renewable energy sources.
Bangla Translation
বিশ্বের দেশগুলি তাদের শক্তির উৎসের জন্য পেট্রোলিয়াম, কয়লা এবং প্রাকৃতিক গ্যাসের উপর ব্যাপকভাবে নির্ভর করে। দুটি প্রধান ধরণের শক্তির উৎস রয়েছে: নবায়নযোগ্য এবং অ-নবায়নযোগ্য। হাইড্রো--কার্বন বা জীবাশ্ম জ্বালানি হল নবায়নযোগ্য শক্তির উৎস। এগুলোর উপর নির্ভরতা সত্যিই বড় সমস্যা তৈরি করে। প্রথমত, তেল, কয়লা, গ্যাস ইত্যাদি জীবাশ্ম জ্বালানি হল সীমিত শক্তির (ঘড়ি 75) সম্পদ এবং অবশেষে বিশ্বে এগুলো ফুরিয়ে যাবে (PRUCH NIC)। দ্বিতীয়ত, আগামী দশকগুলিতে এগুলো খুব ব্যয়বহুল (N91) হয়ে যাবে এবং পরিবেশের জন্য খুব ক্ষতিকর। তৃতীয়ত, জীবাশ্ম জ্বালানির পৃথিবীর পরিবেশের উপর সরাসরি প্রভাব পড়ে যা বিশ্ব উষ্ণায়নের কারণ হয়। বিপরীতে, বায়ু এবং সৌরশক্তির মতো নবায়নযোগ্য শক্তির উৎসগুলি ক্রমাগত এবং প্রাকৃতিকভাবে পুনরায় পূরণ করা হয় এবং কখনও ফুরিয়ে যায় না। বেশিরভাগ নবায়নযোগ্য শক্তি সরাসরি বা পরোক্ষভাবে সূর্য থেকে আসে। সূর্যের আলো এবং সৌরশক্তি ঘরবাড়ি গরম এবং আলোকিত করার জন্য, বিদ্যুৎ উৎপাদনের জন্য এবং অন্যান্য বাণিজ্যিক ও শিল্প ব্যবহারের জন্য ব্যবহার করা যেতে পারে। সূর্যের তাপ বাতাসকে চালিত করে এবং এই বায়ু শক্তিকে বায়ু টারবাইন দিয়ে বিদ্যুৎ উৎপাদনের জন্য গ্রহণ করা যেতে পারে। তারপর বাতাস এবং সূর্যের তাপ জলকে বাষ্পীভূত করে। যখন জলীয় বাষ্প বৃষ্টি বা তুষারে রূপান্তরিত হয় এবং নদী বা স্রোতে প্রবাহিত হয়, তখন এর শক্তি জলবিদ্যুৎ শক্তি হিসেবে ধারণ করা যেতে পারে। বৃষ্টি এবং তুষারের সাথে সাথে, সূর্যালোক উদ্ভিদের বৃদ্ধি ঘটায়। উদ্ভিদ জৈববস্তু উৎপন্ন করে যা আবার জ্বালানিতে পরিণত হতে পারে যেমন আগুন কাঠ, অ্যালকোহল ইত্যাদি যা জৈব শক্তি হিসেবে চিহ্নিত। বিজ্ঞানীরা হাইড্রোজেনকে নবায়নযোগ্য শক্তির আরেকটি রূপ হিসেবে চিহ্নিত করেছেন। এটি প্রকৃতিতে সবচেয়ে প্রাচুর্যপূর্ণ উপাদান। কিন্তু এটি আলাদাভাবে গ্যাস হিসেবে বিদ্যমান নেই। এটি সর্বদা অন্যান্য উপাদানের সাথে মিলিত হয়ে জল তৈরি করে। হাইড্রোজেন, অন্য উপাদান থেকে পৃথক, বিদ্যুৎ উৎপাদনের জন্য জ্বালানি হিসেবে পরিণত হতে পারে। আমাদের পৃথিবীর অভ্যন্তরে গলিত লাভা রয়েছে যা চরম তাপ নির্গত করে। পৃথিবীর অভ্যন্তরে এই তাপ বাষ্প এবং গরম জল উৎপন্ন করে যা ভূ-তাপীয় শক্তি হিসেবে আটকে রেখে ঘরবাড়ি গরম করার জন্য বিদ্যুৎ উৎপাদন করা যেতে পারে ইত্যাদি। মহাসাগরের শক্তি বিভিন্ন উৎস থেকে আসে। মহাসাগরের জোয়ার-ভাটার শক্তি শক্তি উৎপাদনের জন্য ব্যবহার করা যেতে পারে। সমুদ্রের পৃষ্ঠ সমুদ্রের গভীরতার চেয়ে সূর্য থেকে বেশি তাপ গ্রহণ করে। এই তাপমাত্রার পার্থক্য শক্তির উৎস হিসেবেও ব্যবহার করা যেতে পারে।
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Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it
Countries of the world rely heavily on petroleum, coal and natural gas for their energy sources. There are two major types of energy sources: renewable and non-renewable. Hydro-carbon or fossil fuels are non-renewable sources of energy. Reliance on them poses real big problems. First, fossil fuels such as oil, coal, gas etc, are finite energy resources and the world eventually will run out of them. Secondly, they will become too expensive in the coming decades and too damaging for the environment to repair. Thirdly, fossil fuels have direct polluting impacts on earth’s environment causing global warming. In contrast, renewable energy sources such as, wind and solar energy are constantly and naturally replenished and never run out.
Most renewable energy comes either directly or indirectly from the sun. Sunlight or solar energy can be used for heating and lighting homes, for generating electricity and for other commercial and industrial uses.
The sun’s heat drives the wind and this wind energy can be captured with wind turbines to produce electricity. Then the wind and the sun’s heat cause water to evaporate. When this water vapour turns into rain or snow and flows downhill into rivers or streams, its energy can be captured as hydroelectric energy.
Along with the rain and snow, sunlight causes plants to grow. Plants produce biomass which again can be turned into fuels such as fire wood, alcohol, etc identified as bioenergy.
Scientists have identified Hydrogen as another form of renewable energy source. It is the most abundant element in nature. But it does not exist separately as a gas. It is always combined with other elements, such as with oxygen to make water. Hydrogen, separated from another element, can be burned as a fuel to produce electricity.
Our Earth’s interior contains molten lava with tremendous heat. This heat inside the Earth produces steam and hot water which can be tapped as geothermal energy to produce electricity, for heating home, etc.
Ocean energy comes from several sources. Ocean’s force of tide and wave can be used to produce energy. The surface of the ocean gets more heat from the sun than the ocean depths. This temperature difference can be used as energy source too. (Source: the Internet)
1. Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7
a) How many types of energy sources are there?
i) four ii) two iii) three iv) five
b) What does the phrase ‘run out’ mean in the above passage?
i) finish ii) start iii) end iv) begin
c) The sun is a constant—-.
i) natural source of heat and light ii) radiation
iii) electricity iv) heat and light
d) Renewable energy sources do not damage—-.
i) the mill ii) the river iii) the environment iv) heat and light
e) What is separated from another element?
i.Oxygen ii. Hydrogen iii. Chlorine iv. HCL.
f) Modern day wind turbines produce —.
i.electricity ii. vapour iii. flow iv. steam
g) What is geothermal energy?
i.Heat from deep within the earth ii. Heat from deep within the sky.
iii. flows downhill iv. hydroelectric energy.
2.Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10
a) What are renewable energy sources?
b) Which sources are costly?
c) What does our earth’s interior contain?
d) How many elements remain in water?
e) How is Hydrogen separated from another element?
Extra Practices
1. How can hydroelectric energy be captured?
2. Why/How does the most renewable energy come from the sun?
3. Which elements do plants need to grow?
4. From where do we get biomass?
5. Why do renewable energy sources never run out?
1. a. ii) two; b. finish c. i) natural source of heat and light; d. iii) the environment; e.ii) Hydrogen; f. i) electricity; g. i) Heat from deep within the earth; h. ii) hydroelectricity.
2. a) Renewable energy sources are the energy sources which are constantly and naturally replenished and will never run out. Sun, wind, flowing water, biomass, geothermal energy are sources of renewable energy.
b) Non-renewable energy sources are costly. Fossil, oil, coal, gas etc. are non-renewable energy sources.
c) Our Earth’s interior contains molten lava with tremendous heat.
d) Hydrogen and Oxygen remain in water.
e) Hydrogen is separated from another element. It is the most abundant element in nature. But it does not exist separately as a gas. It can be burned as a fuel to produce electricity.
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