Most Important Paraphrasing and Synonyms for IELTS Reading

SYNONYMS/A

·   annual = yearly = per year

·   a rise = an increase = a growth.

·   a decrease = a fall = a drop = a decline = a reduction

·   already = not new

·   a pair of = two

·   allow = enable

·   avoid = keep safe from

·   all = every

·   a great deal of = a lot of

·   according to = depending on

·   areas = parts

·   affect = impact

·   anticipate = foreshadow

·   aid = help

·   audience = viewer

·   abnormal = unusual

·   actor = performer

·   attack = assault

·   appearance = physiognomy

·   amusing = funny = humorous

·   aspects of life = existence

·   alone = solely

·   anxiety = fear

·   assist their learning = improve their learning efficiency

·   a considerable amount = a great deal = a lot

·   a strong connection = a very close relationship

·   assistant = apprentice

·   autumn (British English) = fall (American English)

·   abandoned = derelict

·   a prevailing wind = against the wind

·   average = normal

·   animals = livestock

·   accidentally = only by chance

·   agencies = jurisdictions

·   a (wide) variety of = a range of

·   accept = tolerate

·   actively notice = pay attention to

·   a sense of duty = moral obligation

·   ancient creatures = fossils

·   a global team = an international working party

·   at risk = vulnerable

·   auditory problems = hearing loss

·   achievement = success

·   a psychological illness = a mental disorder

·   affect = influence

·   aggressive behavior = frustration and anger

·   average-sized = medium-sized

·   agree on = concur on

·   alter = change

·   a century = 100 years

·   associated with = relationship

·   achievement = attainment

·   admit = acknowledge

·   attempt = effort

·   affect the environment= ruin the environment.

·   a sharp decrease = a crash = a sudden serious fall in the price or value of something

·   allow = grant permission

·   aggressive = assertive = pushy

·   aid = help = assist

·   at the same time = at a time

·   a few = a handful of

·   achievable = realistic

·   associated with = closely related to

·   a similar way to = like

·   ambitious = aspiring

·   antagonize = provoke = embitter

·   after = following = next

·   afraid = frightened = scared

·   always         = forever

·   apparent = obvious = evident

·   accompanied by = together with

·   ability = skill = aptitude

·   accurate = correct = right

·   awful = dreadful

·   awkward = clumsy = uncoordinated

·   approve = accept = ratify = endorse

·   arrive = reach = come

·   above = overhead

·   allow = permit

·   achieve = accomplish = attain

·   artificial = fake = synthetic = false

·   amazing = fantastic = astonishing = extraordinary = incredible = fabulous = wonderful

·   angry = mad = furious

·   active = energetic = animated = lively

·   adequate = sufficient = enough = ample

·   ask = question = inquire

·   adjourn = postpone = recess

·   active = energetic

·   answer = reply = respond

·   ask = question = request = inquire = query = examine.

·   adult = grown-up

·   average = ordinary = fair

·   attraction = spectacular

·   advocate = support = recommend

·   arrogant = haughty

·   after = behind

·   awful = dreadful = terrible = bad = unpleasant

SYNONYMS/B

·   businesses = companies

·   beneath = under

·   brief = short = concise

·   broad = wide = expansive

·   beautiful = gorgeous = graceful = elegant = pretty = lovely = attractive

·   begin = start = open = initiate = commence

·   based on = modelled on

·   brave = courageous = fearless

·   by = via

·   busy = occupied

·   build = construct

·   big = enormous = huge = gigantic = vast = large = great.

·   bright = intelligent = knowing = quick-witted = smart = shining = shiny = brilliant

·    buy = purchase

·   best = finest

·   blend = combine = mix

·   be put together = be composed

·   be allowed = be entitled

·   beautiful (view) = breathtaking = wonderful = picturesque

·   beautiful (person) = attractive = gorgeous = good-looking.

·   base = foundation

·   brave = courageous

·   be predicted to = be expected to

·   be impossible = cannot

·   building = construction

·   before = prior

·   because = since

·   be given priority = preferential

·   believe = trust = accept

·   be successful =to prosper = be fortunate

·   barren = unproductive = infertile

·   below = under = lower

·   beneficial = helpful = useful = advantageous

·   become troublesome = interfere with

·   before = prior to

·   brain = mind

·   be able = be capable = be qualified

·   ban = prohibit = forbid

·   before = prior = earlier

·   beginning = start = initiate

·   be raised = be lifted

·   become aware of = realize

·   boundaries = frontiers

·   body language = gestures

·   beautiful = pretty = attractive = lovely

·   bloom = flourish

·   bones = remains

·   beyond the point where land is visible = out of sight of land

·   birds in temperate climates = temperate-zone birds

·   build = construct

SYNONYMS/C

·   located = situated

·   consumption = use

·   cut = reduce

·   cities = urban

·   crops = plants which are grown for food

·   components = parts

·   conscientious = careful

·   common = generally

·   create = form

·   change the direction of = re-route

·   cannot be replaced = no substitute for

·   complexity = intricacy

·   currently = in more recent decades

·   categories = types

·   create = build

·   consistent with = fit

·   charging = pricing

·   commitment to = engagement

·   colleague = peer

·   charming = delightful = appealing = enchanting

·   chilly = cool

·   conditions = factors

·   copy = reproduction

·   colours = hues

·   certain = sure = definite

·   capture = seize = arrest

·   consulted = asked advice

·   collect = accumulate

·   contribute to = lead to

·   care = concern = protection

·   careful = cautious = watchful

·   cold = freezing

·   comprehend = understand

·   confuse = misinterpret

·   coincidental = fortuitous

·   civil = municipal

·   close = shut = fasten

·   close = near

·   conclude = draw a conclusion

·   change = shift

·   calm = quiet = tranquil

·   complete = finish

·   complex = complicated

·   cooperation = support and understanding

·   construction = building

·   city life = urban lifestyles

·   complex = complicated = intricate

·   competent = capable = qualified

·   collect information = establish a databank

·   catastrophic = devastating

·   compress = condense = squeeze

·   concrete = solid

·   concur = agree

·   conflict = oppose = differ

·   consecutive = successive = continuous

·   conservative = cautious = restrained

·   conscientious = scrupulous = virtuous

·   careless = reckless

·   conflict = fight = battle = struggle

·   cease = stop = discontinue

·   courageous = brave

·   carefully = meticulously

·   channel their feelings = emotional forces in harness

·   cemetery = burial ground

·   current teaching methods = modern teaching practices

·   characteristics = traits

·   citizens = residents

·   cognitive = perceptual

·   cut down on = reduce

·   categories = types

·   city = metropolitan

·   conserving energy = sparing use of energy reserves

·   comply with = obey

·   cheerful = optimistic

·   cheap = worthless

·   courageous = brave = heroic

·   cowardly = fearful

·   contributed to = made a contribution to

·   charging = pricing

·   contaminate = pollute

·   contented = satisfied = pleased

·   comparatively = relatively

·   come = approach = arrive = reach

·   cool = chilly = cold = frosty = frigid

·   conform = comply

·   conceal = hide

·   cozy = comfortable

·   congested = overcrowded = stuffed

·   continue = persist = persevere

·   clarify = explain = simplify

·   connect = join = link = attach

·   conscious = aware

·   courteous = polite

·   considerate = thoughtful

·   constantly = always = continually

·   convenient = handy

·   conventional = customary = traditional

·   correct = accurate = right

·   cry = shout = yell = scream

·   cut = chop = reduce

·   crazy = insane = mad

·   cruel = heartless

·   careless = negligent

·   chatting on the internet = chatting online

·   criminals = people who commit a crime

SYNONYMS/D

·   distance = transportation

·   disadvantage = drawback

·   directly = straight

·   decline = downfall

·   dull = banal

·   dominant = overbearing

·   death rate = mortality rate

·   domestic = home

·   define = distinguish

·   dense = tight

·   direction = regulation

·   difficult situations= challenging activities

·   disobey = resist

·   discovered = explored

·   damage = harm = injure

·   divided = split

·   dissuade = deter

·   disputes = disagreement

·   difficulties = challenges

·   depart = leave

·   disaster = accident

·   do not have = lack

·   domestic = connected with the home or family

·   difficulty in recognizing = hidden or obscured

·   drop = discard

·   different = unrelated

·   discoveries = breakthroughs

·   distinctive = different

·   dreadful = terrible = unpleasant

·   dull = blunt

·   depart = leave = exit

·   deposit = place

·   devised = formulated

·   detecting = locating

·   dumb = stupid

·   documentation = written accounts

·   domestic =in homes

·   dark = black

·   doubt = mistrust

·   dawn = sunrise

·   dense = thick = heavy = compressed

·   due primarily to = mainly because of

·   depend (mainly) on = rely (heavily) on

·   disclose = eliminate the secrecy

·   declined by 50% = halved

·   destroy = ruin

·   dangerous = hazardous = risky = unsafe

·   dark = shadowy = dim = dusky = black

·   different = distinct = unlike

·   documented evidence = data incidence = scale

·   decreasing = decline

·   doubt = distrust

·   doubtful = vague

·   decay = rot = spoil

·   delicate = fragile

·   disagree = differ = dispute

·   dispute = debate = oppose

·   demolish = destroy

·   delightful = charming = lovely

·   dissatisfied = unhappy

·   discontinue = stop

·   dull = boring = tiring = tiresome = uninteresting = tedious = monotonous

·   different = varied

·   damage = hurt = impair = harm

·   dangerous = unsafe = hazardous

·   deduct = subtract

·   defend = protect

·   detest = dislike = hate

·   divide = separate = split

·   docile = tame = gentle

·   difficult = hard = challenging

·   diverse = different = distinct

·   dirty = messy

·   destroy = demolish

·   dishonest = untrustworthy

·   dull = uneducated

·   destroy = ruin = demolish

·   disagreement = contrast = incompatibility

·   different functions = various features.

SYNONYMS/E

·   estimate = predict

·   ecozones = areas where there is a natural community of plants and animals

·   encourage = stimulate

·   emotions = feelings

·   experts = biologists

·   enormous = immense

·   eyesight = vision

·   effect = impact

·   economic significance = economic impact

·   evidence = clue

·   experiments = studies

·   evidence = indication

·   environmental = ecological

·   extremely high = impressive

·   each person = each individual

·   external = outer

·   extended = longer

·   efficiently = in the quickest way

·   extend = prolonging

·   encourage = promote = support = urge

·   enemy = opponent = ally

·   effective = works well

·   effects = consequences

·   entirely = wholly

·   evident = apparent = obvious = clear

·   expenditure on = spent on

·   each year = annual

·   established = founded = started or created an organization, a system, etc.

·   express large numbers = deal with large numbers

·   establish targets = setting goals

·   enjoy = like

·   enlarge = expand = magnify

·   earnings = pay = remuneration

·   enormous = vast = immense

·   early part of the process = early phases of development

·   expected = predicted

·   expensive = pricey = costly = dear

·   exaggerate their claims = overstate their arguments

·   examine = analyse

·   excited = turbulent

·   early = soon = premature

·   easy = simple

·   evil = bad = wrong = wicked

·   excite = arouse = provoke = incite

·   exterior = outside = outer

·   effortless = easy

·   energetic = lively

·   end = stop = finish = terminate = conclude = close = halt = cessation

·   explain = clarify = define = interpret = justify

SYNONYMS/F

·   fertilisers = artificial chemicals added to the land to make crops grow bigger or more quickly

·   fresh = new

·   fear = be afraid

·   false = incorrect

·   fast = rapid = quick = swift

·   food production = food chain = food supply

·   feel = experience

·   fix = mend = repair

·   fluid = liquid

·   fixed = determined

·   failed to overcome = made it impossible

·   farming = agriculture

·   fertile = productive

·   free = release

·   first = beginning

·   first stage = initial stage

·   faults = flaws

·   features = characteristics

·   feelings = emotional responses

·   format = pattern

·   former = previous = earlier

·   fraction = part = portion = segment

·   fat = chubby

·   fatal = deadly = mortal

·   feedback = comments

·   frivolous = trivial = unimportant

·   full = packed = stuffed

·   forbid = prohibit = ban

·   forgive = pardon = excuse

·   focus on = emphasize

·   finish = end

·   feasible = possible = attainable = practical

·   fabulous = marvelous = amazing

·   ferocious = fierce = savage

·   fertile = fruitful = productive

·   famous = well-known = renowned = famed = eminent.

·   fear = fright = dread = scare = panic.

·   face = confront = meet

·   fair = impartial

·   fresh = unused = new

·   frigid = freezing = frosty

·   furious = angry = enraged = infuriated

·   future = tomorrow

·   fixed = immobile

·   failing = unsuccessful

·   filled = occupied

·   firm = steady

·   false = fake = fraudulent = counterfeit

SYNONYMS/G

·   goal = imperative

·   grow = rise

·   goals = the highest levels of expertise

·   grades = results

·   generous = giving = big-hearted

·   genuine = real = authentic = sincere

·   good = nice = fine = well-behaved

·   great = outstanding = remarkable

·   give their opinions = express their views

·   good things = positive things

·   give = donate = present = offer

·   go around = orbit

·   gain = acquire = obtain = receive

·   gather = collect = accumulate = compile

·   glad = happy = pleased = delighted

·   glorious = splendid = magnificent = superb

·   gentle = tender = mild

·   gratitude = thankfulness = appreciation

·   good luck = fortune

·   go = move = travel

·   good = excellent = fine = wonderful = helpful.

SYNONYMS/H

·   have a major impact on = transformed

·   halt = call it quits

·   happiness = joy

·   happen = come about

·   have not been diagnosed = undiagnosed

·   hard work = effort

·   how paper is recycled = the process of paper recycling

·   humble = modest

·   harsh = strict

·   how to produce = the process of producing

·   higher corresponds to threefold = three times as much/ triple

·   high noise level = loud noise

·   help = have a positive effect on

·   heat = temperature

·   hide = conceal

·   happy = content

·   humiliate = embarrass

·   handy = useful = convenient

·   hard = firm = solid

·   honest = truthful = sincere = frank

·   hospitable = welcoming = gracious

·   hostile = aggressive

·   huge = vast = immense = great

·   hide = conceal

·   high = tall

·   harsh = rough

·   happy = joyful = cheerful = glad = overjoyed = pleased = contented = satisfied = delighted

·  

LETTER I

·   infectious diseases = diseases that can pass from one plant to another by the wind or by insects

·   in the natural world = throughout nature

·   ignore = resist

·   intuitive thinking = intuition

·   illnesses = ailments

·   information = data

·   instructed = told

·   insufficient = sparse

·   illogical = unreasonable

·   immoral = unethical

·   important = crucial

·   incompetent = inept

·   intense = extreme

·   improve = increase the efficiency of

·   increase in population = population growth

·   industrial revolution = industrialisation

·   immediately = nearly instant

·   information = data

·   imitate (imitation) = mimic

·   impaired = damaged

·   innocent = guiltless

·   insufficient = inadequate = deficient

·   in accordance with = according to

·   inaccurate= incorrect

·   intelligent = smart = bright

·   increasing = soaring

·   interior access = inner staircases

·   initiate = bring about

·   interesting = provocative = engrossing

·   identify the problem = understand the problem

·   isolated = inaccessible

·   internal = inner = inside

·   in excess of = over

·   increase = expand = rise

·   irrelevant = inappropriate = unrelated

·   irritate = annoy

·   introduction = invention

·   identical = alike = duplicate

·   inactive = lazy

·   ignore = disregard

·   important = vital = indispensable

·   interesting = fascinating = engaging = attractive = intriguing = captivating = enchanting

·   impossible = unachievable

·   infants = very young children

·   intriguing = fascinating

·   in essence = essentially

·   independent = self-reliant

·   inappropriate = unsuitable

·   increase = enlarge = amplify

·   ingenious = clever = creative

·   impetuous = impulsive = reckless

·   important = significant = meaningful

·   inappropriate = unsuitable = wrong

·   ignorant = unaware

·   immaculate = spotless = pure

·   imperfect = defective = faulty

·   imperative = compulsory = mandatory

·   involved with = associated with

·   idle = inactive

·   immature = childish = inexperienced

·   impolite = rude

·   indefinite = unclear

·   insignificant = unimportant

·   immune = resistant

·   impartial = neutral = unbiased = fair

·   idea = thought = concept

·   incident = event

·   incompatible characteristics = paradox

SYNONYMS/K

·   keep = save = protect =guard

·   kind = considerate = tender = thoughtful

·   kind = wonderful

·   knowledgeable = smart

SYNONYMS/L

·   launched = initiated

·   lived apart = be separated at birth

·   large = big = massive = huge

·   last = final = end

·   look like = resemble

·   levels = storeys

·   lethargic = tired

·   lifted = raised

·   leave out = omit

·   life expectancy = lifetime

·   lower secondary schools = middle-years education

·   least = fewest = minimum = smallest

·   lacking = insufficient

·   long-term = sustainable

·   liable to = can happen

·   less time spent on exercises = shorten the practice

·   learn = acquire

·   long = lengthy

·   lure = attract = seduce

·   long-lost traits = ancestral features

·   left = soared out of

·   limit = minimize

·   limited = incomplete

·   local people = communities

·   large city = megalopolis

·   long-term = lasting/extending over a long time

·   little doubt = almost certainly

·   luxurious = extravagant = elegant

·   lack = deficit

·   love = like = fancy = cherish = adore = treasure = appreciate

·   levels of unemployment = unemployment rate

SYNONYMS/M

·   motifs = patterns = images

·   material = commodity

·   magnify = expand = enlarge = exaggerate

·   misfortune = hardship

·   mathematical method = statistical concept

·   moved = relocation

·   most people = almost every individual

·   manager = boss

·   mass production = print out huge numbers

·   mainly = most important

·   mishandling = bungling

·   make payment = pay for

·   movement =transport

·   mean = unkind = malicious = nasty

·   mend = repair = fix

·   motorised vehicles = buses and trucks

·   more than = exceed

·   make the noise stop = turn the noise off

·   moulded = reshaped

·   man-made = synthetic

·   mild = moderate

·   moral = ethical = virtuous = righteous

·   mature = adult

·   most = maximum

·   maximum = greatest

·   minimum = least

·   mobile = moveable

·   monotonous = boring = tedious

·   mysterious = secret

·   manufactured = produced

·   move onto = pass onto

·   most of = nearly all of

·   moves = gestures

·   more = increased

·   modified = qualified

·   migrate back = return

·   medical technique = treatment

·   mean = cruel = inconsiderate

·   movable = portable

·   manufacture = produce

SYNONYMS/N

·   need = require

·   non-fossil-based fuels = renewable energy

·   needed = required

·   nature = essence

·   not traditional = new

·   natural forests = primary forests

·   not limit = transcend

·   neat = clean, tidy, well-organized.

·   new = fresh = original = current

·   noisy = rowdy

·   noise = disturbance

·   normal = ordinary = typical, usual

·   negligent = careless = inattentive

·   naughty = bad = disobedient

·   neat = clean = orderly = tidy

·   neglectful = careless

·   no limit = never reach maximum

·   not charged = not have to pay

·   new = recent

·   nervous energy = psychic tension

·   new technologies = modern technologies

·   not natural = artificial

·   not appreciated = undervalued

·   now = current

·   need = requirement

SYNONYMS/O

·   observe = see

·   omit = strip out = leave out

·   ordinary = conventional

·   over the counter = in the shops

·   officials = authorities

·   overcome = deal with

·   open = begin

·   occur frequently = are common

·   only = solely

·   overdirect = too much guidance

·   overcome shyness = learn to be more outgoing

·   one explanation = another possibility

·   ordinary = commonplace

·   old = antique

·   obsolete = dated = antiquated

·   optimistic = hopeful = confident

·   odours = smell

·   overcome = getting rid of

·   occur more than once = repeated

·   outgoing = assured

·   obey = comply

·   old people = people who are retired

·   offend = displease = disgust

·   outstanding = extraordinary

·   odd = weird = strange

·   obey = comply

SYNONYMS/P

·   plant = grow

·   place = locate

·   paintings = works

·   precious metals = gold, silver

·   premature = early

·   pretty = lovely = beautiful = attractive

·   pleasing = appealing

·   perform = carry out

·   pioneered = first suggested

·   persuasive = powerful

·   play it safe = avoid risk

·   personality = character

·   potential = possibilities

·   promptly = immediately

·   profit = gain = earnings = benefit

·   prohibit = forbid = restrict

·   policy initiative = strategy

·   previous events = past experience

·   plants = stations

·   provide a view of = overlook

·   private transport = car

·   principles = laws

·   put together = assembled

·   place = deposit

·   prompt = punctual = timely

·   prosperous = thriving = successful = flourishing

·   prevent = prohibit = hinder

·   permit = allow

·   prior to = beforehand

·   pictures = images

·   problem = difficulty

·   permit = allow

·   promotion = advancement

·   prominent = distinguished = eminent

·   personal values = individual properties

·   pessimistic view = seems to be getting worse

·   prevail upon = have influence in = persuade

·   principles = essential features

·   publicity = press

·   program cost = program fee

·   physical changes = hormonal changes

·   processes = stages

·   perfect = flawless

·   precious = valuable

·   plausible = believable = reasonable = logical

·   polite = gracious = courteous

·   place = area = plot = region = location = situation

·   proportion = percentage = rate

·   poverty rate = level of poverty = poverty level = the percentage of people who live in poverty

·   production = manufacture = be produced = be made = be manufactured

·   per person = per capita

·   people who use cars = car users = car commuters = people who commute by car = people who travel by car

·   people who cycle to work = cycling commuters

·   public = individuals

·   produce accurate work = make fewer errors

·   problems = difficulties

·   present beliefs = contemporary perceptions

·   picked out = chose

·   pesticides = potent chemicals

·   pagoda = temple building

·   prehistoric = ancient

·   patience = perseverance

·   permanent = enduring = lasting

·   prevent misunderstanding = resolve any confusion

·   peace = harmony

·   persuade = convince = influence

·   peace = quiet

·   preceding = previous

SYNONYMS/Q

·   quickly = rapidly

·   question = interrogate = inquire = ask

·   quiet = silent = tranquil

·   quick = speedy

·   quit = cease = stop = withdraw

SYNONYMS/R

·   rely on = be dependent on

·   rules = laws

·   restrict = curb

·   really successful = achieve at a higher level

·   rainfall = precipitation

·   rotate = turn

·   recording of events = documentation of history

·   replication = reproducing

·   regarded as =considered

·   researchers with differing attitudes = sceptics and advocates

·   remove = extract

·   react = respond

·   reason = caused

·   remedy = repair

·   rude = unfriendly

·   replaced = upgrade

·   rational thinking = judgment

·   reversible = run backwards

·   responsibility = moral obligation

·   reticence = shyness

·   remains = fragments

·   re-emerge = reappear

·   respond = reply

·   resemble = look like

·   regular = continual

·   referring to = talk about

·   response = reply

·   run their own business = open their own business/ company

·   regulations = standards

·   relies on = draw on

·   reliable = predictable

·   relationships with other people = social experience

·   reflection = movements in the mirror

·   reveal = tell

·   recognize = distinguish

·   remember = recall

·   retain = learn

·   raise = lift

·   recognize = certify = admit officially (usually in writing)

·   restricted = limited

·   recognise the difference = distinguish

·   rise = growing = increased

·   release = punctured

·   recommence = continue

·   real = authentic

·   reluctant = unwilling = hesitant

·   remote = secluded = isolated = distant

·   rarely = seldom

·   reduce = shrink

·   remarkable = outstanding

·   rough = harsh

·   release = discharge

·   rude = discourteous

·   rich = wealthy

·   risky = hazardous

·   reputable = honorable

·   resist = oppose = withstand

·   recreation = amusement = pleasure

·   reduce = lessen = decrease = diminish

·   reliable = trustworthy

·   reveal = show = disclose

·   ridiculous = nonsensical = foolish

·   remove = eliminate = get rid of

SYNONYMS/S

·   shut out water = seal off from water

·   sea = ocean

·   support = back up

·   satisfying = rewarding

·   suffers = experiences

·   supplementary = extra

·   silence = absence of a sound

·   shade = shelter from the heat

·   steps = measures

·   strengthen = deepen

·   share = interchange

·   socially disadvantaged = deprived

·   self-reliance = independence

·   support = backup

·   significance = importance

·   show statistically = provide precise, valid or reliable data

·   seem to contradict = sound paradoxical

·   significant = important

·   several times = on more than one occasion

·   signals = radio waves

·   site = station

·   seeking = looking for

·   searching for = looking for

·   stop = quit = cease = terminate

·   strenuous = vigorous = laborious

·   suitable = appropriate

·   small = minor

·   stop = halt

·   sea life = fish and other creatures

·   saw the importance = understood the need

·   success rate = hit-rate

·   surprising = unexpectedly

·   similar to = not unusual

·   severe weather conditions = typhoons

·   stop = constrain

·   send = deliver

·   stop = close down = put a halt to = bring a halt to

·   separate from = independent of

·   staff = employees

·   sleep disorders = sleep disturbance

·   shy = timid

·   separate = disconnect

·   sparse = empty

·   stable = steady = unchanging

·   stimulate = motivate

·   same = similar

·   sharp = bright

·   strict = severe

·   strong = powerful = mighty

·   stupid = dense = foolish

·   smart = intelligent = clever

·   sadness = depression

·   scatter = disperse

·   show = present = reveal = demonstrate = display = exhibit

·   slow = gradual = leisurely

·   selfish = stingy

·   sad = unhappy

·   subsequent = following = succeeding

·   small = tiny

·   sensible = rational

·   separate = disconnect = detach

·   small = little

·   swift = fast = speedy = hasty

·   synthetic = man-made = artificial

·   sloppy = disorderly

·   sick = ill

·   slim = slender = thin

·   small = little

·   sociable = friendly

·   successful = thriving = prosperous = triumphant

·   surplus = excess = additional = extra

·   strange = odd = weird, outlandish, curious, unique, exclusive, irregular

·   sales = turnover = how much money is made = income = revenue

·   spending = expenditure

·   sort = classify

·   start a business = own a business/ company

·   shopping on the internet = online shopping = buying/purchasing online

·   sales of fast food = turnover from fast food

SYNONYMS/T

·   taken out = removed

·   the folklore = the local belief

·   the most important step = key step

·   time limit = deadline

·   trend of the period = fashion of the time

·   tradesmen = merchants

·   the rapid growth = the spectacular growth

·   transport methods = transport modes

·   technological developments = information technologies

·   take gambles = take chances

·   techniques = methods = practices

·   transport mode = means of transport

·   test = examination

·   test = experiment

·   to investigate = to analyse

·   the most important = major

·   to give up = to abandon

·   2 decades = 20 years

·   the most vividly coloured red = the reddest

·   took = carried

·   tools = facilities

·   the question = the puzzle

·   transmission = pass along communication channels

·   transmitted = sent back

·   transmit = sent out

·   thin = skinny

·   tragic = sorrowful

·   take = receive

·   terrible = awful = bad

·   threat = endangered

·   today = current

·   today = now

·   teaching activities = methods

·   three different types= three separate ways

·   to copy = to replicate = to reproduce

·   the world economy = the global economy

·   to be sure = to ensure

·   to proceed = to continue

·   total = whole = entire = complete

·   tell = inform = notify

·   take = pick = choose = select

·   the level of income = the rate of income = the income rate = the income level = the level of revenue = the revenue rate = the revenue level

·   the elderly = elderly people = senior citizens

·   the amount of time spent = the time spent

·   the majority of people = most of the people = most people

·   transport = deliver = carry

·   to rise = to increase = to grow = to go up

·   to decrease = to fall = to reduce = to go down = to drop = to decline

SYNONYMS/U

·   uncover = reveal

·   underestimate = overlook

·   universal = just about everybody

·   unjust = unfair

·   unemployment = out of work

·   unlike = a fundamental difference

·   unpredictably = erratically

·   understand = recognize

·   upset = find painful, distressing

·   unnecessary = superfluous = redundant

·   unpleasant = offensive

·   uncommon = unusual

·   unknown = not renowned

·   unwanted material = waste

·   upgrade = improve

·   unsuccessful = fruitless

·   unfit = unsuited

·   unexpectedly = without warning = unpredictable

·   unusual = exceptional

·   uncertain = unsure

·   unbiased = impartial = unprejudiced = fair

·   unite = join

·   unaware = unconscious

·   unnecessary = optional

·   unimportant = meaningless

·   untruthful = insincere

·   uninteresting = dull

·   usual = ordinary

·   unpleasant = unacceptable

SYNONYMS/V

·   view = vision

·   valuable = precious

·   views = convictions

·   views = attitudes

·   vibrate = shake

·   vacant = unoccupied = empty

·   vague = unclear = indistinct = obscure

·   vague = ambiguous

SYNONYMS/W

·   world = international

·   working together = coordination

·   worldwide = international

·   wider = greater

·   water consumption = the amount of water consumed

·   ways of learning = techniques for learning = approaches to learning

·   waste = trash = rubbish

·   well known = famous

·   wholehearted = sincere

·   wise = knowing = smart

·   water is pumped = pumped with the water

·   wild = stubborn

·   weak = frail

·   work = labor

·   wasteful = extravagant

·   wealth = prosperity = assets

·   weary = tired = fatigued = lethargic

·   wonderful = incredible = splendid = marvelous

·   waste output = the amounts of waste

·   work for an employer = work for other people

·   wrong = incorrect

·   waste paper = paper that has been thrown away

·   works of art = pieces