Sentence Variety for scoring Band -9 in IELTS Examination

  Sentence Variety for scoring Band -9 in IELTS Examination

1.     Sentence Openers/ Sentence Beginners

2.     Opening Adjective

3.     Opening Adverb

4.     Delayed Adjective

5.     Delayed Adverb

6.     Nominalization

7.     Noun Phrases

8.     Absolute Phrase 

9.     Appositive Phrase

10. Prepositional Phrase

11. Participial Phrase

12. Gerund Phrase

13. Infinitive Phrase

14. Main Clause & Subordinate Clause

15. Noun Clause

16. Adjective Clause/ Relative Clause

17. Sentential Relative Clause

18. Adverb Clause

19. Subject-Verb Split Mix

20. Comma Pairs

21. Semicolon

22. Colon

23. Dash

24. Conjunctions

25. Tenses

26. Conditionals

27. Parallel structures

28. The passive

29. Impersonal structures

30. Using Modals

31. Inversion

32. Cleft Sentence

33. When you have something simple to say, say it simply. Only use complex structures for more complex thoughts.

34. Combining longer and shorter sentences           

35. Linking Words & Sentence Structures

36. Word Order   

37. Verb Patterns          

38. Pronouns and Referencing

39. Comparatives

40. Cautious Language & Avoiding Over-Generalisation   

41. Paraphrasing 

 Detail Description

1. Sentence Openers/Sentence Beginners

Explanation:These are words or phrases used at the start of sentences to vary structure, maintain reader interest, and introduce ideas smoothly.

Examples:

• In recent years, online shopping has replaced traditional markets.

• To address this issue, governments must focus on renewable energy.

• Clearly, education reforms are vital for future development.

• Despite the challenges, city planners are working on better infrastructure.

• By investing in technology, nations can improve healthcare systems.

2. Opening Adjective

Explanation:An adjective placed at the beginning of a sentence emphasizes a quality or emotion related to the subject.

Examples:

• Determined, students worked hard to secure scholarships.

• Worried, parents demanded improvements in school safety.

• Excited, the audience eagerly awaited the speaker's insights.

• Optimistic, governments are introducing green policies.

• Frustrated, many citizens called for better public transportation.

3. Opening Adverb

Explanation:An adverb at the start of a sentence modifies the verb, adding detail about time, manner, or place.

Examples:

• Surprisingly, small businesses are thriving despite economic challenges.

• Quickly, cities are adopting measures to combat pollution.

• Hesitantly, employees expressed their opinions during the meeting.

• Suddenly, weather changes disrupted agricultural activities.

• Gratefully, families welcomed government assistance during the crisis.

4. Delayed Adjective

Explanation:A delayed adjective follows the noun it describes, often for stylistic emphasis.

Examples:

• The new policy, transparent and fair, gained public support.

• The city's architecture, modern and innovative, attracts tourists.

• Public transport, affordable and reliable, is essential for urban life.

• The initiative, groundbreaking and bold, has inspired other countries.

• The exam results, unexpected and remarkable, surprised everyone.

5. Delayed Adverb

Explanation:An adverb placed later in the sentence emphasizes how, when, or where an action occurred.

Examples:

• The government acted, promptly, to address the crisis.

• The train arrived, unexpectedly, after being delayed for hours.

• The economy rebounded, slowly, after the global recession.

• The meeting ended, abruptly, following a heated debate.

• The policy was implemented, effectively, to reduce carbon emissions.

6. Nominalisation

Explanation:Nominalisation converts verbs or adjectives into nouns to create a more formal tone.

Examples:

• Implementation of renewable energy policies is essential.

• The development of urban areas must be sustainable.

• Recognition of global warming as a threat is increasing.

• The protection of endangered species requires strict laws.

• Promotion of tourism helps boost local economies.

7. Noun Phrases

Explanation:A noun phrase includes a noun and its modifiers, creating detailed descriptions.

Examples:

• The rapid growth of urbanization is affecting rural communities.

• The implementation of innovative technologies has transformed industries.

• A well-structured education system is crucial for societal development.

• The global demand for renewable energy is increasing.

• The protection of cultural heritage sites is a shared responsibility.

8. Absolute Phrase

Explanation:An absolute phrase modifies the whole sentence, providing additional detail.

Examples:

• The students prepared for the exam, their notes spread across the table.

• The tourists walked through the market, their cameras ready to capture moments.

• The team celebrated their victory, their faces glowing with happiness.

• The farmer inspected his crops, his hands rough from hard work.

• The policy was implemented, its success evident in the results.

9. Appositive Phrase

Explanation:An appositive phrase renames or gives more information about a nearby noun.

Examples:

• My neighbor, a retired teacher, volunteers at the community center.

• The Taj Mahal, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, attracts millions of visitors annually.

• Renewable energy, a clean alternative to fossil fuels, is the future.

• The library, a quiet place for study, is open all week.

• Pollution, a growing concern worldwide, requires immediate action.

10. Prepositional Phrase

Explanation:A prepositional phrase begins with a preposition and adds details about time, place, or manner.

Examples:

• In recent years, the use of electric vehicles has increased.

• With advanced technology, industries are becoming more efficient.

• During the pandemic, online education became the norm.

• On the outskirts of the city, new housing developments are being built.

• For the benefit of the environment, governments are banning single-use plastics.

11. Participial Phrase

Explanation:A participial phrase begins with a present or past participle and acts as an adjective to describe a noun.

Examples:

• Living in urban areas, many people struggle with high costs.

• Built decades ago, the bridge still stands strong.

• Inspired by recent innovations, researchers are developing new technology.

• Concerned about their health, individuals are adopting healthier lifestyles.

• Facing a shortage of resources, schools are seeking additional funding.

12. Gerund Phrase

Explanation:A gerund phrase starts with a verb ending in "-ing" and functions as a noun.

Examples:

• Improving healthcare access is a priority for many nations.

• Learning a second language can boost job opportunities.

• Preserving cultural traditions is important for maintaining heritage.

• Reducing waste production benefits the environment.

• Implementing green energy solutions is critical for sustainability.

13. Infinitive Phrase

Explanation:An infinitive phrase begins with "to" followed by a base verb and often expresses purpose or intent.

Examples:

• To reduce pollution, cities are investing in public transport.

• To achieve better results, students must focus on time management.

• To preserve wildlife, governments are establishing conservation areas.

• To address traffic congestion, bike-sharing programs have been introduced.

• To improve literacy rates, free education programs have been implemented.

14. Main Clause & Subordinate Clause

Explanation:A main clause can stand alone as a sentence, while a subordinate clause depends on the main clause to make sense.

Examples:

• Although the weather was bad, the event continued as planned.

• If governments invest in renewable energy, the reliance on fossil fuels will decrease.

• When students focus on their studies, they achieve better results.

• Because urban areas are overcrowded, people are moving to rural areas.

• While technology offers many benefits, it also poses certain risks.

15. Noun Clause

Explanation:A noun clause acts as a noun in a sentence, often beginning with "what," "why," "that," or "how."

Examples:

• What students need most is proper guidance.

• Why public transport is important is clear in urban areas.

• That renewable energy is essential cannot be denied.

• How the economy recovers depends on government policies.

• What motivates people varies from person to person.

16. Adjective Clause/Relative Clause

Explanation:An adjective clause modifies a noun, starting with "who," "whom," "whose," "which," or "that."

Examples:

• The city that implemented green energy policies has seen great success.

• Students who study abroad often gain new perspectives.

• The park, which is located in the city center, is popular among locals.

• The teacher whose methods are innovative is admired by students.

• The project that was completed on time received widespread praise.

17. Sentential Relative Clause

Explanation:A sentential relative clause modifies the whole preceding clause, often beginning with "which."

Examples:

• The government introduced a new tax, which caused public outrage.

• The students excelled in their exams, which surprised everyone.

• Public transport is now free for seniors, which is a thoughtful initiative.

• The company adopted eco-friendly policies, which boosted its reputation.

• The festival attracted international attention, which benefited local businesses.

18. Adverb Clause

Explanation:An adverb clause provides information about when, where, why, or how something happens.

Examples:

• Although the costs are high, solar panels are being widely adopted.

• As cities expand, traffic congestion becomes a bigger issue.

• Because education is vital, governments prioritize funding for schools.

• If public awareness increases, environmental issues can be mitigated.

• Since the population is growing rapidly, housing demand is rising.

19. Subject-Verb Split Mix

Explanation:This structure involves separating the subject and verb for emphasis or style. It can be used for clarity, particularly when focusing on the action or other parts of the sentence.

Examples:

• With many people relying on public transport, the system must be upgraded.

• In many cities around the world, public spaces are being redesigned for better accessibility.

• On the other hand, traditional schools still offer unique educational experiences.

• In order to solve global challenges, sustainable practices must be implemented.

• Across various countries, renewable energy is gaining traction as a solution to climate change.

20. Comma Pairs

Explanation:Comma pairs are used to set off non-essential information or clauses within a sentence, providing extra details without changing the meaning.

Examples:

• The new law, which aims to reduce pollution, will be enforced next year.

• The artist, known for his innovative designs, has gained international recognition.

• The city, home to over 10 million people, faces challenges related to housing.

• Renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, are gaining popularity.

• The report, due next week, will focus on climate change solutions.

21. Semicolon

Explanation:A semicolon is used to join two independent clauses that are closely related or to separate items in a complex list.

Examples:

• The traffic was heavy; however, we arrived on time.

• The government has introduced new measures to combat pollution; public reaction has been mixed.

• Climate change is a pressing issue; it demands immediate action.

• The country is experiencing rapid urbanization; this puts pressure on infrastructure.

• Renewable energy is crucial for a sustainable future; countries must invest in clean technologies.

22. Colon

Explanation:A colon is used to introduce lists, explanations, or elaborations after an independent clause.

Examples:

• The three main causes of pollution are: industrial emissions, deforestation, and overpopulation.

• The city faces several challenges: traffic congestion, air pollution, and waste management.

• There are many reasons to study abroad: academic growth, cultural exposure, and career opportunities.

• The government needs to focus on several key issues: education, healthcare, and infrastructure.

• Renewable energy sources are becoming increasingly important: wind, solar, and hydroelectric power.

23. Dash

Explanation:A dash is used to create emphasis, provide additional information, or separate ideas in a sentence.

Examples:

• The new policy—designed to reduce emissions—has been implemented across the country.

• The team has made significant progress—especially in renewable energy technologies.

• The city's public transport system—once outdated—is now among the most efficient in the world.

• The government announced new regulations—focused on improving air quality—last week.

• The school—one of the largest in the region—has introduced advanced technology in classrooms.

24. Conjunctions

Explanation:Conjunctions are used to link words, phrases, or clauses. Coordinating conjunctions connect equal parts of a sentence, while subordinating conjunctions connect dependent clauses to independent clauses.

Examples:

• The government has promised to reduce pollution and invest in renewable energy.

• Although the new policy is controversial, it will be beneficial in the long run.

• She decided to study abroad because it offers better opportunities.

• However, many people remain skeptical about the effectiveness of these measures.

• While education is important, addressing environmental issues is also critical.

25. Tenses

Explanation:Tenses indicate the time of action or state. There are three main tenses: past, present, and future, with multiple forms for each.

Examples:

• The government has been focusing on renewable energy for the past decade.

• In the future, cities will likely rely on electric vehicles for transportation.

• Public awareness about climate change increased significantly last year.

• Currently, many countries are implementing new environmental laws.

• By 2050, the global population is expected to reach 9 billion.

26. Conditionals

Explanation:Conditionals express situations and their possible results. There are four types: zero, first, second, and third.

Examples:

• If we reduce emissions, we will improve air quality. (First Conditional)

• If people used public transport more, traffic congestion would decrease. (Second Conditional)

• If the government had acted earlier, the pollution would not have reached such levels. (Third Conditional)

• If cities implement green policies, they can achieve sustainability. (First Conditional)

• If we continue to neglect environmental issues, future generations will suffer. (First Conditional)

27. Parallel Structures

Explanation:Parallel structure involves using the same grammatical form within a sentence to ensure clarity and flow, especially when listing or comparing ideas.

Examples:

• The government aims to reduce waste, conserve energy, and promote sustainability.

• Renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydroelectric power are vital for the future.

• Both students and teachers need to be aware of the new policies.

• To succeed in this industry, you must work hard, stay focused, and be adaptable.

• Not only is the economy improving, but the environment is also seeing positive changes.

28. The Passive

Explanation:The passive voice shifts the focus from the subject to the action or the recipient of the action. It is used when the doer of the action is less important or unknown.

Examples:

• Renewable energy is being promoted by governments worldwide.

• A new environmental law was passed last year to combat pollution.

• Global warming is caused by human activities, such as burning fossil fuels.

• Recycling programs are encouraged in many cities to reduce waste.

• Education on climate change is provided in schools to raise awareness.

29. Impersonal Structures

Explanation:Impersonal structures use sentences that do not focus on a specific subject, often used to express generalizations, opinions, or facts.

Examples:

• It is important for countries to reduce their carbon footprint.

• It is believed that sustainable agriculture can help mitigate climate change.

• It is clear that pollution is a major global issue.

• It is necessary to protect biodiversity for future generations.

• It has been shown that renewable energy reduces reliance on fossil fuels.

30. Using Modals

Explanation:Modals are auxiliary verbs that express ability, possibility, necessity, or permission. They are used to give additional meaning to the main verb.

Examples:

• Governments should invest in green technologies to combat climate change.

• People could reduce their carbon footprint by using public transport more.

• We must take immediate action to protect the environment.

• Individuals might face challenges when transitioning to a sustainable lifestyle.

• It can be difficult to change people's habits, but it is necessary for the future.

31. Inversion

Explanation:Inversion refers to changing the normal subject-verb order, often used for emphasis, questions, or after certain adverbs.

Examples:

• Never have I seen such a strong commitment to environmental protection.

• Only when countries collaborate on a global scale can we solve climate issues.

• Seldom do people realize the consequences of their actions on the environment.

• Not only do renewable energy sources help reduce pollution, but they also provide long-term economic benefits.

• Under no circumstances should we ignore the importance of education in addressing global challenges.

32. Cleft Sentence

Explanation:Cleft sentences are used to emphasize a particular part of a sentence by splitting it into two clauses, often using "it is" or "what."

Examples:

• It is renewable energy that can help solve the world's energy crisis.

• What needs to be done is to invest more in sustainable infrastructure.

• It was the government that introduced the new environmental regulations.

• What people should understand is that climate change affects everyone.

• It is the youth who are most likely to be affected by environmental changes.

33. When You Have Something Simple to Say, Say It Simply. Only Use Complex Structures for More Complex Thoughts.

Explanation:This principle emphasizes using simple language for straightforward ideas and reserving complex sentence structures for more nuanced or detailed points.

Examples:

• Climate change is a global issue. (Simple sentence)

• To combat climate change, we need both government action and individual responsibility. (Complex sentence)

• Every individual can help reduce waste by recycling. (Simple sentence)

• Governments should incentivize businesses to reduce their carbon emissions. (Complex sentence)

• Raising awareness about climate change can lead to collective action. (Simple sentence)

34. Combining Longer and Shorter Sentences

Explanation:Combining longer and shorter sentences creates variety in writing and can emphasize certain ideas more effectively.

Examples:

• Renewable energy is essential for a sustainable future, and it can be achieved through global collaboration.

• Climate change is affecting agriculture. It is causing droughts in some areas.

• Governments should encourage the use of public transport, and they should also invest in better infrastructure.

• Education on environmental issues helps individuals make more informed decisions.

• Urban areas are facing overcrowding, which leads to challenges like pollution.

35. Linking Words & Sentence Structures

Explanation:Linking words are used to connect ideas or sentences. They help with cohesion and making writing flow more naturally.

Examples:

• However, some people argue that renewable energy is not yet viable on a large scale.

• In addition, the government has introduced incentives to promote green energy.

• On the other hand, many countries still rely heavily on fossil fuels.

• For example, Denmark has successfully integrated wind energy into its national grid.

• Therefore, it is essential for nations to prioritize sustainable development.

36. Word Order

Explanation:Word order refers to the arrangement of words in a sentence to ensure clarity and proper meaning. In English, the standard word order for statements is Subject-Verb-Object (SVO).

Examples:

• Many countries have introduced policies to combat climate change.

• Increasing air pollution is a major concern for large cities.

• More people are choosing renewable energy as an alternative to fossil fuels.

• In some countries, recycling programs are mandatory.

• Reducing waste is essential for protecting the environment.

• Some people still fail to understand why old buildings should be protected.

• Tourists often need to be told explicitly how they should behave when visiting a foreign country.

37. Verb Patterns

Explanation:Verb patterns refer to the form or structure a verb takes in a sentence, such as whether it is followed by a gerund, infinitive, or noun.

Examples:

• Many people prefer using public transport rather than driving. (Verb + Gerund)

• The government promised to invest in clean energy sources. (Verb + Infinitive)

• Some companies are considering switching to renewable energy. (Verb + Gerund)

• It’s essential to reduce emissions in order to combat climate change. (Verb + Infinitive)

• Environmental groups encourage individuals to recycle more. (Verb + Infinitive)

38. Pronouns and Referencing

Explanation:Pronouns are used to replace nouns in a sentence. Referencing is crucial to ensure that the pronoun is clearly linked to the noun it refers to.

Examples:

• Many people believe that climate change is caused by human activity. They argue that immediate action is necessary.

• Governments should take more responsibility for environmental issues. It is their duty to protect natural resources.

• The new recycling policy will help reduce waste. It has already been implemented in several cities.

• The company has introduced new eco-friendly products. They are expected to become very popular.

• The government has a plan to address pollution. It includes measures to reduce emissions from factories.

39. Comparatives

Explanation:Comparatives are used to compare two things, often with adjectives or adverbs ending in "-er" or by using "more" or "less" before adjectives.

Examples:

• Renewable energy sources are more sustainable than fossil fuels.

• Solar power is less expensive than it used to be.

• Electric cars are more efficient than traditional gasoline-powered vehicles.

• Public transportation is cheaper than owning a private car.

• Cities with better waste management are more environmentally friendly.

40. Cautious Language & Avoiding Over-Generalisation

Explanation:Cautious language is used to express ideas in a less definitive or absolute way, often to make statements more balanced or to avoid over-generalization.

Examples:

• Some experts suggest that global warming could be mitigated through renewable energy.

• It is possible that renewable energy may be the solution to many environmental problems.

• Many people believe that overpopulation could lead to resource scarcity in the future.

• It appears that cities with better infrastructure tend to have lower pollution levels.

• There is a possibility that more government incentives would encourage sustainable practices.

41. Paraphrasing

Explanation:Paraphrasing involves rewording a statement or idea in a different way to convey the same meaning. It is often used to avoid repetition and to show understanding.

Examples:

• Reducing carbon emissions is essential for addressing climate change. → Cutting down on carbon emissions is crucial to tackling global warming.

• Many people are concerned about the environmental impact of industrialization. → The environmental effects of industrial growth are a major concern for many.

• Renewable energy sources are more sustainable than fossil fuels. → Sustainable energy options like wind and solar are preferable to non-renewable resources.

• The government has implemented policies to reduce pollution. → New governmental regulations have been introduced to combat environmental pollution.

• Education plays a significant role in raising awareness about environmental issues. → Raising awareness about ecological matters is largely driven by education.