Application Suppose, you are an inhabitant of Kishoreganj Sadar. Write a letter to the Railway station Master complaining about late running of trains. Model-1 10 June 2022 The Station Master Kishoreganj Railway Station Subject: Complaint regarding frequent delays of intercity trains Dear Sir, I am writing to bring to your kind attention the serious issue of train delays at Kishoreganj Railway Station. The intercity trains operating to and from this station are frequently late, both in departure and arrival. This consistent failure to maintain the schedule is causing immense trouble for the passengers, especially office workers, businesspeople, and students who rely on timely transport to reach their destinations. The delays not only disrupt their daily routines but also lead to significant losses of time and productivity. People are often forced to wait for hours at the station under uncomfortable conditions, which adds to their frustration. This ongoing problem reflects poorly on the efficiency and reliability of the railway services in our area. Residents of Kishoreganj and nearby regions are growing increasingly dissatisfied with this mismanagement. They expect a better level of service and accountability from the railway authorities. Therefore, I earnestly request you to take immediate and effective measures to ensure that the trains follow the official schedule more strictly. Timely and reliable train services will greatly benefit the public and restore their faith in the railway system. Thank you for your attention to this matter. Yours sincerely, Eman Hosen (On behalf of the residents of Kishoreganj Sadar) With Translation 10 June 2022 The Station Master Kishoreganj Railway Station Kishoreganj Subject: Complaint Regarding Frequent Delays of Intercity Trains Dear Sir, [I am writing to bring to your kind attention the serious issue of train delays at Kishoreganj Railway Station.] আমি কিশোরগঞ্জ রেলওয়ে স্টেশনে ট্রেন বিলম্বের গুরুতর সমস্যাটি আপনার সদয় দৃষ্টি আকর্ষণ করতে লিখছি। [The intercity trains operating to and from this station are frequently late, both in departure and arrival.] এই স্টেশন থেকে চলাচলকারী আন্তঃনগর ট্রেনগুলো প্রায়ই সময়ের চেয়ে দেরিতে ছেড়ে যায় এবং গন্তব্যে পৌঁছায়। [This consistent failure to maintain the schedule is causing immense trouble for the passengers, especially office workers, businesspeople, and students who rely on timely transport to reach their destinations.] সময়সূচী বজায় রাখতে এই অবিরাম ব্যর্থতা যাত্রীদের জন্য বিশাল সমস্যা সৃষ্টি করছে, বিশেষ করে অফিস কর্মী, ব্যবসায়ী এবং শিক্ষার্থীদের জন্য যারা সময়মতো গন্তব্যে পৌঁছানোর জন্য ট্রেনের উপর নির্ভর করেন। [The delays not only disrupt their daily routines but also lead to significant losses of time and productivity.] বিলম্ব শুধুমাত্র তাদের দৈনন্দিন রুটিনই ব্যাহত করে না, বরং সময় ও উৎপাদনশীলতার উল্লেখযোগ্য ক্ষতিও ঘটায়। [People are often forced to wait for hours at the station under uncomfortable conditions, which adds to their frustration.] যাত্রীদের প্রায়ই অস্বস্তিকর অবস্থায় স্টেশনে ঘন্টার পর ঘন্টা অপেক্ষা করতে বাধ্য করা হয়, যা তাদের হতাশা আরও বাড়িয়ে তোলে। [This ongoing problem reflects poorly on the efficiency and reliability of the railway services in our area.] এই চলমান সমস্যাটি আমাদের এলাকায় রেলওয়ে সেবার দক্ষতা ও নির্ভরযোগ্যতা সম্পর্কে খারাপ ধারণা দেয়। [Residents of Kishoreganj and nearby regions are growing increasingly dissatisfied with this mismanagement.] কিশোরগঞ্জ ও পার্শ্ববর্তী অঞ্চলের বাসিন্দারা এই ভুল ব্যবস্থাপনা নিয়ে ক্রমবর্ধমান অসন্তোষ প্রকাশ করছেন। [They expect a better level of service and accountability from the railway authorities.] তারা রেলওয়ে কর্তৃপক্ষের কাছ থেকে আরও ভাল সেবা এবং দায়িত্বশীলতা আশা করেন। [Therefore, I earnestly request you to take immediate and effective measures to ensure that the trains follow the official schedule more strictly.] অতএব, আমি আন্তরিকভাবে অনুরোধ করছি যে আপনি তাৎক্ষণিক ও কার্যকর ব্যবস্থা নিন যাতে ট্রেনগুলো সরকারী সময়সূচী আরও কঠোরভাবে অনুসরণ করে। [Timely and reliable train services will greatly benefit the public and restore their faith in the railway system.] সময়ানুবর্তী ও নির্ভরযোগ্য ট্রেন সেবা জনগণের জন্য অত্যন্ত উপকারী হবে এবং রেলওয়ে ব্যবস্থার প্রতি তাদের আস্থা পুনরুদ্ধার করবে। Thank you for your attention to this matter. এই বিষয়ে আপনার মনোযোগের জন্য ধন্যবাদ। Yours sincerely, Eman Hosen (On behalf of the residents of Kishoreganj Sadar) (কিশোরগঞ্জ সদরের বাসিন্দাদের পক্ষে)

Application Suppose, you are an inhabitant of Narinda, Dhaka. The people of your locality suffer greatly due to unhygienic condition of the locality. Now, write a letter to the Mayor complaining about the fact. Model-1 26 June 2022 The Mayor Dhaka South City Corporation Dhaka Subject: Request for urgent action regarding poor sanitation in Narinda area Dear Sir, I am writing as a resident of Wari, Dhaka, to express my concern over the extremely poor sanitation and cleanliness in the nearby Narinda area. The streets are filled with uncollected garbage and leftover waste, creating a filthy environment that is affecting the health and well-being of the local residents. The absence of regular cleaning and garbage disposal has led to the buildup of waste along the roads and near residential buildings. Insects, stray animals, and foul smells are making life miserable for everyone in the neighborhood. This unsanitary condition has become a serious threat to public health, especially with the risk of infectious diseases still present. Children and elderly people are particularly vulnerable. Despite several complaints made to the local authorities, no effective steps have been taken to improve the situation. This ongoing negligence has left the residents frustrated and worried. Therefore, I sincerely request you to take immediate and effective measures to clean the area, arrange for a proper waste collection system, and deploy cleaning staff regularly. Setting up awareness campaigns among locals about responsible waste disposal would also be helpful. We, the citizens of Wari and Narinda, would be grateful if you ensure a cleaner and healthier environment for us all. Yours sincerely, Tafsir Ahmed (A resident of Wari, Dhaka) With Translation 26 June 2022 The Mayor Dhaka South City Corporation Dhaka Subject: Urgent Complaint About Unhygienic Conditions in Narinda Area Dear Sir, [I am writing as a concerned resident of Narinda to bring to your attention the severe sanitation problems plaguing our locality.] আমি নারিন্দার একজন উদ্বিগ্ন বাসিন্দা হিসেবে আমাদের এলাকার ভয়াবহ স্বাস্থ্যকর সমস্যাগুলো আপনার দৃষ্টি আকর্ষণ করতে লিখছি। [For months, our streets have been overflowing with uncollected garbage, creating an extremely unhygienic environment.] কয়েক মাস ধরে আমাদের রাস্তাগুলো অপসারিত না হওয়া আবর্জনায় ভরে গেছে, একটি অত্যন্ত অস্বাস্থ্যকর পরিবেশ সৃষ্টি করেছে। [The stagnant waste has become breeding grounds for mosquitoes, flies and stray animals, posing serious health risks to residents.] জমে থাকা আবর্জনা মশা, মাছি এবং পথকুকরের প্রজনন ক্ষেত্রে পরিণত হয়েছে, যা বাসিন্দাদের জন্য গুরুতর স্বাস্থ্য ঝুঁকি তৈরি করেছে। [During this monsoon season, the situation has worsened significantly with rainwater mixing with the garbage and creating filthy pools.] এই বর্ষা মৌসুমে অবস্থার আরও অবনতি হয়েছে, বৃষ্টির পানির সাথে আবর্জনা মিশে নোংরা জলাশয় সৃষ্টি করছে। [The foul smell from rotting waste makes it difficult to breathe properly, while the risk of waterborne diseases has increased alarmingly.] পচনশীল আবর্জনা থেকে নির্গত দুর্গন্ধ সঠিকভাবে শ্বাস নিতে কষ্টকর করে তুলেছে, অন্যদিকে জলবাহিত রোগের ঝুঁকি ভয়াবহভাবে বেড়েছে। [Despite numerous complaints to local ward councilors, no sustainable solution has been implemented yet.] স্থানীয় ওয়ার্ড কাউন্সিলরদের কাছে অসংখ্য অভিযোগ সত্ত্বেও এখনও কোন স্থায়ী সমাধান বাস্তবায়ন করা হয়নি। [We urgently request your office to:] আমরা জরুরিভাবে আপনার দপ্তরকে অনুরোধ করছি: [Implement daily garbage collection and street cleaning] দৈনিক আবর্জনা সংগ্রহ ও রাস্তা পরিষ্কারের ব্যবস্থা করতে [Install sufficient waste bins at regular intervals] নির্দিষ্ট দূরত্বে পর্যাপ্ত ডাস্টবিন স্থাপন করতে [Conduct regular fogging to control mosquitoes] মশা নিয়ন্ত্রণের জন্য নিয়মিত ফগিং করতে [Launch public awareness programs about proper waste disposal] সঠিক বর্জ্য নিষ্কাশন সম্পর্কে গণসচেতনতামূলক কর্মসূচি চালু করতে [The residents of Narinda are willing to cooperate fully with any initiatives taken by your office to resolve this crisis.] নারিন্দার বাসিন্দারা এই সংকট সমাধানে আপনার দপ্তরের গৃহীত যে কোন উদ্যোগের সাথে পূর্ণভাবে সহযোগিতা করতে প্রস্তুত। [We hope for your prompt action to restore cleanliness and public health in our community.] আমরা আশা করি আমাদের সম্প্রদায়ে পরিষ্কার-পরিচ্ছন্নতা ও জনস্বাস্থ্য পুনরুদ্ধারে আপনার দ্রুত পদক্ষেপ আসবে। Yours faithfully, Tasnim Rahman House #45, Block-C Narinda Residential Area Dhaka-1100 [নারিন্দার একজন উদ্বিগ্ন নাগরিকের পক্ষে] Model -2 Suppose, you are an inhabitant of Narinda, Dhaka. The people of your locality suffer greatly due to unhygienic condition of the locality. Now, write a letter to the Mayor complaining about the fact. 26 June 2022 The Mayor Dhaka South City Corporation, Dhaka Subject : Complaint about unhygienic condition of Narinda, Dhaka. Sir, I, on behalf of the inhabitants of Narinda, Dhaka, would like to draw your kind notice to the fact that the people living here are suffering greatly due to unhygienic condition on the roads caused by the garbage and wastes thrown on the roads of our area. As there is no proper waste management system here, people dump their household wastes on the roads. Consequently, people have to suffer from foul odour. It is an additional problem in the time of COVID-19 pandemic. People being directly exposed to these wastes,'feel greatly uncomfortable. I hope that you would be kind enough to address this unhygienic condition and thus enable the inhabitants of Narinda to live a healthy and comfortable life. Yours faithfully, Tafsir Ahmed On behalf of the people of Wari, Dhaka Email

Application Suppose, you are an inhabitant of Barishal town. The law and order situation of the town is deteriorating day by day. The people of the town have-been passing their days in an insecure condition. Now, write a letter to the Deputy Commissioner complaining about the fact. Model-1 10 October 2022 The Deputy Commissioner Barishal Subject: Urgent Concern Regarding the Worsening Law and Order Situation in Barishal Town Dear Sir, I am writing as a concerned citizen and long-time resident of Barishal town to express deep concern about the rapidly declining law and order situation in our area. Over the past few months, there has been a noticeable increase in violent crimes, including muggings, theft, extortion, and even daylight attacks. People no longer feel safe in their own neighbourhoods. Shopkeepers are regularly harassed by extortionists, and those who dare to protest live in constant fear for their lives. Innocent residents, including students and elderly citizens, avoid going out after dark due to safety concerns. The situation has become so alarming that even during the daytime, people feel threatened. What is even more disheartening is the inaction of the local law enforcement authorities. Despite repeated complaints and reports, no significant action has been taken. The lack of visible police patrols and strict legal action has only emboldened the criminals. As a result, residents have lost confidence in the system meant to protect them. We, the people of Barishal, urgently seek your kind attention to this matter. We request you to initiate an immediate investigation into the deteriorating situation and ensure that law enforcement agencies carry out their duties effectively. Increased patrolling, quick response units, and strict measures against criminal groups will help restore peace and security in our town. Your prompt intervention can bring hope and relief to the frightened residents of Barishal. Yours sincerely, A.K. Azad 21/B, Sadar Road, Barishal (On behalf of the concerned citizens of Barishal) With Translation 10 October 2022 To The Deputy Commissioner Barishal Subject: Urgent Concern Regarding the Worsening Law and Order Situation in Barishal Town Dear Sir, [I am writing as a concerned citizen and long-time resident of Barishal town to express deep concern about the rapidly declining law and order situation in our area.] আমি একজন সচেতন নাগরিক এবং বরিশাল শহরের দীর্ঘদিনের বাসিন্দা হিসেবে আমাদের এলাকায় আইন-শৃঙ্খলা পরিস্থিতির দ্রুত অবনতির বিষয়ে গভীর উদ্বেগ প্রকাশ করতে লিখছি। [Over the past few months, there has been a noticeable increase in violent crimes, including muggings, theft, extortion, and even daylight attacks.] গত কয়েক মাসে জোরপূর্বক ছিনতাই, চুরি, চাঁদাবাজি এবং এমনকি দিনদুপুরে হামলার মতো সহিংস অপরাধের সংখ্যা লক্ষণীয়ভাবে বেড়েছে। [People no longer feel safe in their own neighbourhoods.] লোকেরা এখন আর তাদের নিজেদের এলাকাতেও নিরাপদ বোধ করে না। [Shopkeepers are regularly harassed by extortionists, and those who dare to protest live in constant fear for their lives.] দোকানদারদের নিয়মিত চাঁদাবাজদের দ্বারা হয়রানি করা হয় এবং যারা প্রতিবাদ করার সাহস করে তারা তাদের জীবনের নিরাপত্তা নিয়ে অবিরাম ভয়ে থাকে। [Innocent residents, including students and elderly citizens, avoid going out after dark due to safety concerns.] নিরাপত্তার উদ্বেগের কারণে শিক্ষার্থী ও বয়োজ্যেষ্ঠ নাগরিকসহ নিরীহ বাসিন্দারা সন্ধ্যার পর বাইরে যাওয়া এড়িয়ে চলেন। [The situation has become so alarming that even during the daytime, people feel threatened.] পরিস্থিতি এতটাই ভয়াবহ হয়ে উঠেছে যে দিনের বেলায়ও মানুষ হুমকির সম্মুখীন বোধ করে। [What is even more disheartening is the inaction of the local law enforcement authorities.] আরও হতাশাজনক বিষয় হলো স্থানীয় আইন প্রয়োগকারী কর্তৃপক্ষের নিষ্ক্রিয়তা। [Despite repeated complaints and reports, no significant action has been taken.] বারবার অভিযোগ ও রিপোর্ট করা সত্ত্বেও কোন উল্লেখযোগ্য ব্যবস্থা নেওয়া হয়নি। [The lack of visible police patrols and strict legal action has only emboldened the criminals.] দৃশ্যমান পুলিশ পেট্রোল এবং কঠোর আইনি ব্যবস্থার অভাব কেবল অপরাধীদেরই সাহসী করে তুলেছে। [As a result, residents have lost confidence in the system meant to protect them.] ফলস্বরূপ, বাসিন্দারা তাদের সুরক্ষার জন্য তৈরি ব্যবস্থার উপর আস্থা হারিয়ে ফেলেছেন। [We, the people of Barishal, urgently seek your kind attention to this matter.] আমরা, বরিশালের জনগণ, এই বিষয়ে আপনার সদয় দৃষ্টি আকর্ষণ করছি। [We request you to initiate an immediate investigation into the deteriorating situation and ensure that law enforcement agencies carry out their duties effectively.] আমরা আপনাকে অবনতিশীল পরিস্থিতি তদন্ত শুরু করতে এবং আইন প্রয়োগকারী সংস্থাগুলো তাদের দায়িত্ব কার্যকরভাবে পালন করে তা নিশ্চিত করার অনুরোধ করছি। [Increased patrolling, quick response units, and strict measures against criminal groups will help restore peace and security in our town.] বর্ধিত পেট্রোলিং, দ্রুত প্রতিক্রিয়া ইউনিট এবং অপরাধী গোষ্ঠীদের বিরুদ্ধে কঠোর ব্যবস্থা আমাদের শহরে শান্তি ও নিরাপত্তা পুনরুদ্ধারে সহায়তা করবে। [Your prompt intervention can bring hope and relief to the frightened residents of Barishal.] আপনার তাৎক্ষণিক হস্তক্ষেপ ভীতসন্ত্রস্ত বরিশালবাসীর মনে আশা ও স্বস্তি আনতে পারে। Yours sincerely, A.K. Azad 21/B, Sadar Road, Barishal (On behalf of the concerned citizens of Barishal) (বরিশালের সচেতন নাগরিকদের পক্ষে) Model -2 10 October 2022 The Deputy Commissioner Barishal Subject: Complaint about the worsening law and order situation in Barishal Dear Sir, I am a resident of Barishal town, and I am very worried about the current law and order situation here. Every day, crimes like robbery, hijacking, and even killing are happening in broad daylight. People in our town are living in fear and do not feel safe anymore. Shopkeepers and business owners are being forced to give money to local criminals. If anyone tries to protest, they are threatened. Ordinary people are afraid to go out because the streets are not safe. What is worse is that the local police do not take proper action. Even when crimes are reported, the police often ignore them. As a result, criminals are moving around freely without fear. This has made the situation even worse. We, the people of Barishal, are suffering every day. We request you to kindly look into this matter seriously. Please take the necessary steps to stop these crimes and improve the law and order. We want to live in peace and safety. We hope you will take quick action to help us. Yours sincerely, A.K. Azad (On behalf of the residents of Barishal) Email

Transformation of Senteces for SSC and Hsc Examination INVERSION ¨ Using the negative adverbs: Not only Never Not until Seldom Not once Rarely At no time Scarcely By no means No sooner Nowhere If these adverbs are used at the beginning of the sentence auxiliary verb comes before the subject of that sentence. Negative Auxiliary Subject Verb Ext. Never have we traveled so long way Examples: Not once was he on time. Seldom have I heard such beautiful music. Not only did the company lose profits, but it also had to lay off workers. MORE EXAMPLES: INCORRECT: Very seldom a movie can hold my attention like this one. CORRECT: Very seldom can a movie hold my attention like this one. INCORRECT: Not one paper she has finished on time. CORRECT: Not one paper has she finished on time. INCORRECT: Not once Monju and Rony have invited us to their house. CORRECT: Not once have Monju and Rony invited us to-their house. INCORRECT: Only rarely an accident has occurred. CORRECT: Only rarely has an accident occurred. INCORRECT: Never again an accident may occur. CORRECT: Never again may an accident occur. EXERCISES: Part A-1:Not until the Triassic Period – the first primitive mammals did develop. did the first primitive mammals develop. did develop the first primitive mammals. the first primitive mammals develop. Any of them can be used. Part A-2: Never again they will come to my house. the come early in the morning. will they come with a dog. she will go there rapidly. every body tell a lie. Part A-3: Not until they will come. I have done it I tell them to come she offers a banquet have I done the job their father allow them Part A-4: Not until the seventeenth century – to measure the speed of light. did anyone even attempt anyone did even attempt did anyone attempt even did even attempt anyone Inversions are used when the mentioned expressions beginning with only occur at the beginning of a sentence the subject and verb in that clause are inversed. Examples: Only in an emergency should you use this exit. Only recently did she return from abroad Only by asking questions can you learn. A. Only if B. Only when C. Only because D. Only after E. Only until In the cases of mentioned expressions auxiliary verb of the 2nd clause comes before the subject of that clause. Examples: Only if you have a serious problem should you call Mr. Franklin at home. Only when you are satisfied is the sale considered final. If expressions like so+ adj or so+ participle are used at the beginning of the sentence inversion also occurs, Examples: So rare is this coin that it belongs in a museum. So confusing was the map that we had to ask a police officer for directions. However, in the cases of adverbs of place or adverbs of order, auxiliary as well as the main verb come before the subject. Examples: In front of the museum is a statue. Off the coast of California lie the Channel Islands. First came a police car, then came an ambulance. Sample Item: 1. Most southern states had set up primary schools systems by the late eighteenth century, but only in New England – and open to all students. primary schools were free were primary schools free free were primary schools were free primary schools. 2. Across the Chesapeake Bay from the rest of the state –, whose farms produce beans, tomatoes, and other garden vegetables. there lies Maryland's Eastern Shore lies Maryland's Eastern Shore Maryland's Eastern Shore lies there Maryland's Eastern Shore lies.

writing for IELTS, writing practice for ielts, IELTS writing mock tests, tactics for IELTS writing, writing tests for IELTS IELTS WRITING Academic IELTS Writing Acadmic Task-1 Voabulary AC Task-1 Report Writing Writing Task-2 Eassy Writing IELTS Writing Essay-wise Ideas General Training IELTS Writing GT Task-1 Voabulary GT Task-1 Letter Writing Writing Task-2 Eassy Writing IELTS Writing Essay-wise Ideas Test format – Academic Writing (60 minutes) Topics are of general interest to, and suitable for, test takers entering undergraduate and postgraduate studies or seeking professional registration. There are two tasks: Task 1 - you will be presented with a graph, table, chart or diagram and asked to describe, summarise or explain the information in your own words. You may be asked to describe and explain data, describe the stages of a process, how something works or describe an object or event. Task 2 - you will be asked to write an essay in response to a point of view, argument or problem. Responses to both tasks must be in a formal style. IELTS Academic Writing description Paper format: There are two Writing tasks and BOTH must be completed. Timing: 60 minutes No. of questions: 2 Task types: In Task 1, test takers are asked to describe some visual information (graph/table/chart/diagram) in their own words. They need to write 150 words in about 20 minutes. In Task 2, they respond to a point of view or argument or problem. They need to write 250 words in about 40 minutes. Answering: Answers must be given on the answer sheet and must be written in full. Notes or bullet points are not acceptable as answers. Test takers may write on the question paper but this cannot be taken from the examination room and will not be seen by the examiner. A detailed look at the paper with links to related resources. Task 1 Task type and format: In Writing Task 1, test takers may be asked to describe facts or figures presented in one or more graphs, charts or tables on a related topic; or they may be given a diagram of a machine, a device or a process and asked to explain how it works. They should write in an academic or semi-formal/neutral styles and include the most important and the most relevant points in the diagram. Some minor points or details may be left out. Test takers should spend no more than 20 minutes on this task. They are asked to write at least 150 words and will be penalised if their answer is too short. While test takers will not be penalised for writing more than 150 words, they should remember that a longer Task 1 answer may mean that they have less time to spend on Task 2, which contributes twice as much to the Writing band score. Test takers should also note that they will be penalised for irrelevance if the response is off-topic or is not written as full, connected text (e.g. using bullet points in any part of the response, or note form, etc.). They will be severely penalised for plagiarism (i.e. copying from another source). Test takers must write their answers on the answer booklet. Task focus: This task assesses the ability to identify the most important and relevant information and trends in a graph, chart, table or diagram, and to give a well-organised overview of it using language accurately in an academic style. No. of questions: 1 Task 2 Task type and format: In Writing Task 2, test takers are given a topic to write about an academic or semi-formal/neutral style. Answers should be a discursive consideration of the relevant issues. Test takers should make sure that they read the task carefully and provide a full and relevant response. For example, if the topic is a particular aspect of computers, they should focus on this aspect in their response. They should not simply write about computers in general. Test takers should spend no more than 40 minutes on this task. They are asked to write at least 250 words and will be penalised if their answer is too short. While test takers will not be penalised for writing more than 250 words, if they write a very long answer they may not have time for checking and correcting at the end and some ideas may not be directly relevant to the question. Task 2 contributes twice as much to the final Writing band score as Task 1. Therefore, test takers who fail to attempt to answer this task will greatly reduce their chance of achieving a good band. Test takers will be penalised for irrelevance if the response is off-topic or is not written as full, connected text (e.g. using bullet points in any part of the response, or note form, etc.). They will be severely penalised for plagiarism (i.e. copying from another source). Finally, test takers should make sure that they do not copy directly from the question paper because this will not be assessed. They must write their answers on the answer booklet. Task focus: This task assesses the ability to present a clear, relevant, well-organised argument, giving evidence or examples to support ideas and use language accurately. No. of questions: 1 IELTS Academic Writing - How it's marked Marking and assessment Each task is assessed independently. The assessment of Task 2 carries more weight in marking than Task 1. Responses are assessed by certificated IELTS examiners. All IELTS examiners hold relevant teaching qualifications and are recruited as examiners by the test centres and approved by the British Council or IDP: IELTS Australia. Scores are reported in whole and half bands. Detailed performance descriptors have been developed which describe written performance at the nine IELTS bands. These are available on the How IELTS is scored page. They apply to both IELTS Academic and IELTS General Training versions and are based on the following criteria. Task 1 responses are assessed on: Task achievement Coherence and cohesion Lexical resource Grammatical range and accuracy. Task 2 responses are assessed on: Task response Coherence and cohesion Lexical resource Grammatical range and accuracy. Performance descriptors Task 1 Task achievement This assesses how appropriately, accurately and relevantly the response fulfils the requirements set out in the task, using the minimum of 150 words. Academic Writing Task 1 is a writing task which has a defined input and a largely predictable output. It is basically an information-transfer task that relates narrowly to the factual content of an input diagram and not to speculative explanations that lie outside the given data. Coherence and cohesion This concerns overall clarity and fluency: how the response organises and links information, ideas and language. Coherence refers to the linking of ideas through logical sequencing. Cohesion refers to the varied and appropriate use of cohesive devices (for example, logical connectors, pronouns and conjunctions) to assist in making the conceptual and referential relationships between and within sentences clear. Lexical resource This refers to the range of vocabulary used and its accuracy and appropriacy in terms of the specific task. Grammatical range and accuracy This refers to the range and accurate use of grammar as manifested in their sentence writing. Task 2 Task response In both IELTS Academic and IELTS General Training versions, Task 2 requires test takers to formulate and develop a position in relation to a given prompt in the form of a question or statement. Ideas should be supported by evidence, and examples may be drawn from the test takers’ own experience. Responses must be at least 250 words in length. Scripts under the required minimum word limit will be penalised. Coherence and cohesion This assesses the overall clarity and fluency of the message: how the response organises and links information, ideas and language. Coherence refers to the linking of ideas through logical sequencing. Cohesion refers to the varied and appropriate use of cohesive devices (for example, logical connectors, pronouns and conjunctions) to assist in making the conceptual and referential relationships between and within sentences clear. Lexical resource This criterion refers to the range of vocabulary used and its accuracy and appropriacy in terms of the specific task. Grammatical range and accuracy This assesses the range and accurate use of grammar, as manifested in their test takers’ writing at sentence level. Test format – General Training Writing (60 minutes) Topics are of general interest. There are two tasks: Task 1 - you will be presented with a situation and asked to write a letter requesting information, or explaining the situation. The letter may be personal, semi-formal or formal in style. Task 2 - you will be asked to write an essay in response to a point of view, argument or problem. The essay can be fairly personal in style. IELTS General Training Writing description Paper format: There are two Writing tasks to complete. Timing: 60 minutes No. of questions: 2 Task types: In Task 1, test takers are asked to respond to a situation, for example, by writing a letter requesting information or explaining a situation. In Task 2, test takers write an essay in response to a point of view, argument or problem. Answering: Answers must be written in full in the answer booklet. Notes or bullet points in whole or in part are not acceptable as answers. Test takers may write on the question paper but this cannot be taken from the test room and will not be seen by the examiner. A detailed look at the paper with links to related resources. Task 1 Task type and format: In Writing Task 1, test takers are presented with a situation and required to write a personal response in the form of an informal, semi-formal or formal letter of at least 150 words in the answer booklet provided. The situations they are asked to write about are common, everyday ones such as: writing to a college accommodation officer about problems with accommodation, writing to a new employer about time management problems they are having, writing to a local newspaper about a plan to develop a local airport, writing to a renting agency to sort out problems with the heating system in their house. Test takers are told what kind of information (in the form of three bullet points) they must include in their response. They may be required to request or give information and/or explain a situation. To do this, they may need to do some of the following: ask for and/or provide general factual information, express needs, wants, likes or dislikes, express opinions or complaints, make requests or make suggestions/recommendations. The style of writing that test takers use depends who they are asked to write to (i.e. the audience) and how well they are supposed to know them. They need to write in a style that is appropriate for their audience and that will help them to achieve their purpose for writing, e.g. writing to a friend (informal) or writing to a manager (semi-formal or formal). Test takers do not need to include any addresses at the head of their letters. Test takers should spend no more than 20 minutes on this task. They are asked to write at least 150 words and will be penalised if their answer is too short. While test takers will not be penalised for writing more than 150 words, they should remember that a longer Task 1 answer may mean that they have less time to spend on Task 2, which contributes twice as much to the Writing band score. Test takers should also note that they will be penalised for irrelevance, if the response is off-topic or is not written as full, connected text (e.g. using bullet points in any part of the response, or note form, etc.). They will be severely penalised for plagiarism (i.e. copying from another source). Task focus: This task assesses the ability to follow English letter-writing conventions (i.e. what order to put information in, what style to use, how to start and finish a letter), to use language accurately and appropriately and to organise and link information coherently and cohesively. No. of questions: 1 Task 2 Task type and format: In Writing Task 2, test takers write a semi-formal/neutral discursive essay of at least 250 words in the answer book provided. The task instructions give information about a point of view, argument or problem. They then tell test takers how to discuss this, which may involve providing general factual information, outlining and/or presenting a solution, justifying an opinion, evaluating evidence and ideas. Topics are of general interest, - such as: whether children’s leisure activities should be educational, why families are not so close as they used to be and how they could be brought closer, how environmental problems can be solved, who should pay for the care of old people, whether smoking should be banned in public places. Test takers should make sure that they complete the task carefully and provide a full and relevant response. They should organise their ideas clearly and make sure to support their argument with relevant examples (including from their own experience where relevant) or evidence. For this task, test takers need to be able to communicate more abstract and complex ideas and use a range of vocabulary and grammatical structures. Task 2 contributes twice as much to the final Writing band score as Task 1. Therefore, test takers who fail to attempt to answer this task will greatly reduce their chance of achieving a good score. Test takers are asked to write at least 250 words and will be penalised if their answer is too short. They should spend no more than 40 minutes on this task. Test takers should also note that they will be penalised for irrelevance if the response is off-topic or is not written as full, connected text (e.g. using bullet points in any part of the response, or note form, etc.). They will be severely penalised for plagiarism (i.e. copying from another source). Task focus: This task assesses the ability to follow English discursive writing conventions (i.e. what order to put information in, what style to use, how to start and finish discursive writing, how to paragraph), to organise and link information coherently and cohesively and to use language accurately and appropriately. No. of questions: 1 IELTS General Training Writing - How it's marked Marking and assessment Writing responses are assessed by certificated IELTS examiners. All IELTS examiners hold relevant teaching qualifications and are recruited as examiners by the test centres and approved by the British Council or IDP: IELTS Australia. Each task is assessed independently. The assessment of Task 2 carries more weight in marking than Task 1.Scores are reported in whole and half bands. Detailed performance descriptors have been developed which describe written performance at the nine IELTS bands. They are available on the How IELTS is scored page. The descriptors apply to both the Academic and General Training versions and are based on the following criteria. Task 1 responses are assessed on: Task achievement Coherence and cohesion Lexical resource Grammatical range and accuracy. Task 2 responses are assessed on: Task response Coherence and cohesion Lexical resource Grammatical range and accuracy. Performance descriptors Task 1 Task achievement This assesses how appropriately, accurately and relevantly the response fulfils the requirements set out in the task, using the minimum of 150 words. General Training Writing Task 1 is a writing task with a largely predictable output in that each task sets out the context and purpose of the letter and the functions the test taker should cover in order to achieve this purpose. Coherence and cohesion This assesses the overall clarity and fluency of the message: how the response organises and links information, ideas and language. Coherence refers to the linking of ideas through logical sequencing. Cohesion refers to the varied and appropriate use of cohesive devices (for example, logical connectors, pronouns and conjunctions) to assist in making the conceptual and referential relationships between and within sentences clear. Lexical resource This refers to the range of vocabulary the test takers have used and the accuracy and appropriacy of use in terms of the specific task. Grammatical range and accuracy This refers to the range and accurate use of grammar, as manifested in the test takers’ sentence writing. Task 2 Task response In both IELTS Academic and IELTS General Training versions, Task 2 requires test takers to formulate and develop a position in relation to a question or statement. Ideas should be supported by evidence, and examples may be drawn from the test takers’ own experience. Responses must be at least 250 words in length. Scripts under the required minimum word limit will be penalised. The other three assessment criteria (Coherence and Cohesion, Lexical Resource, Grammatical Range and Accuracy) are the same for Task 1 and Task 2. Read More ELTS IELTS Academic Writing Task-1 IELTS General Training Writing Task-1 IELTS Grammar IELTS Idea Builders IELTS Reading IELTS Speaking IELTS Speaking Part -3 IELTS Speaking Part-1 IELTS Speaking Part-2 IELTS Vocabulary IELTS Writing IELTS Writing Task-2 Essay Writing IELTS Listening THE MOST IMPORTANT ESSAYS FOR IELTS 1. ARCHITECTURE/HOUSING/BUILDING 2. ARTS/ CULTURE/TRADITION/MUSEUMS 3. BUSINESS/MONEY/ECONOMY 4. CRIME AND PUNISHMENT&LAW 5. EDUCATION 6. ENTERTAINMENT/HOBBY 7. ENVIRONMENT/NATURE/CLIMATE/ANIMALS 8. FAMILY, FRIENDS, CHILDREN 9. FOOD 10. GENDER ISSUES 11. GLOBAL ISSUES/GLOBALIZATION 12. GOVERNMENT 13. HEALTH 14. LANGUAGE 15. MEDIA 16. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 17. SOCIETY/SOCIAL PROLEMS/SOCIAL TRENDS 18. SPORTS 19. TRANSPORT 20. TRAVEL/TOURISM 21. WORK 22. OTHERS/ABSTRACT IDEAS 1. ARCHITECTURE/HOUSING/BUILDING 1. Many old buildings protected by law are part of a nation’s history. Some people think they should be knocked down and replaced by news ones. How important is it to maintain old buildings? Should history stand in the way of progress? 2. Safety standards are important when building peoples’ homes. Who should be responsible for enforcing strict building codes – the government or the people who build the homes? Use your own knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence. 3. It is more important for a building to serve a purpose than to look beautiful. Architects shouldn't worry about producing building as a work of art. Do you agree or disagree? 4. More houses are needed in many countries to cope with increasing populations. Would it be better to build houses in existing towns and cities, or to develop new towns in rural areas? 2. ARTS/CULTURE/TRADITION/MUSEUM 1. There are many different types of music today. Is the traditional music of a country more important than the International music that is heard everywhere nowadays? 2. Creative artists should always have the freedom to express their ideas (in paintings, books, films and songs) in any way they wish. The government should not restrict what they do. To what extent do you agree with this opinion? 3. Government investment in the arts, such as music and theatre, is a waste of money. Governments must invest this money in public services instead. To what extent do you agree with this statement?? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own experience or knowledge. 4. Art is considered an essential part of all cultures throughout the world. However, these days fewer and fewer people appreciate art and turn their focus to science, technology and business. Why do you think that is? What could be done to encourage more people to take interest in the arts? 5. "Nowadays it is noticed that cultural mixing is reflected within local cultural practices. Do you think it is good for our society?" 6. Some people believe that visitors to other countries should follow local customs and behaviour. Others disagree and think that the host country should welcome cultural differences. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 7. Some believe the primary purpose of museums is to entertain people, while others believe their purpose is to educate. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 8. "Countries become more developed due to mix of different people and their culture. Do you agree or disagree?" 9. There are many different types of music in the world today. Why do we need music? Is the traditional music of a country more important than the international music that is heard everywhere nowadays? 10. Art is considered an important part of a society as well as an expression of its culture. Do you think it is important for children to be taught art? Do you think children should be encouraged to focus on art rather than other subjects? 3. BUSINESS/MONEY/ECONOMY 1. ‘Some people think that changing people’s attitudes to other countries, and culture is an important factor in reducing world poverty. Others, however, feel that the most important method is trade.’ 2. Some people think that they should spend money they earn now enjoying life, while others think that the money should be put into savings for future. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 3. Some people think that it is best to save money, for example in a bank or savings scheme. Other people feel that money should be spent whenever it is available. Discuss these views and reach an opinion on this debate. Give reasons for your answer, and support your essay with ideas and examples from your own experience. 4. Economic progress is often used to measure a country's success. However, some people believe that other factors are more important. What other factors should also be considered when measuring a country's success? Do you think one factor is more important than others? 5. "Some people prefer to help by making donations to local charities while some prefer to donate to national & international organizations. Discuss both measures and give your opinion." 6. As well as making money, businesses also have social responsibilities. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 4. CRIME AND PUNISHMENT&LAW 1. Some people believe that there should be fixed punishments for each type of crime. Others, however, argue that the circumstances of an individual crime, and the motivation for committing it, should always be taken into account when deciding on the punishment. 2. There seems to be an increasing number of serious crimes being committed each year. While some think that the best way is to use the death penalty as a deterrent, many people believe that other measures will be needed. Discuss both sides of view. 3. In order to reduce crime, some argue that attacking its cause like poverty is the best solution, while others believe that putting more people in prisons and having more policemen are more convenient way in tackling crime. Discuss both sides and give your opinion. 4."Prison is the only truly effective form of punishment, because it separates criminals from society" To what extent do you support this view? You should give reasons for your answer, and include ideas and examples from your own knowledge and experience. 5. Some people who have been in prison become good citizens later, and it is often argued that these are the best people to talk to teenagers about the dangers of committing a crime. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Many offenders commit more crimes after serving the first punishment. Why is this happening, and what measures we can take to tackle this problem? 5. EDUCATION 1. In some developed countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year at the end of high school and before starting university. What are the pros and cons for young people who choose to do this. 2. In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this. 3. The main purpose of a university is to provide graduates with the knowledge and skills needed for students to get a good job. To what extent do you agree? 4. Some people believe that children will have a bright future if they are always rewarded by their parents and teachers when they behave well. However, other people argue that if the children misbehave, they should receive punishment so that they can become qualified citizens. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 5. Technology is becoming increasingly prevalent in the world today. In the not too distant future, technology will completely replace the teacher in the classroom. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? 6. Some people say that distance learning is a quick and effective way to study. Others, however, disagree and say that distance learning programs can never be as good as courses taken in person. Do you agree or disagree with the statement? 7. Some people believe all children should be taught together. Others say that they should be separated according to academic abilities. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 8. Some people believe that teaching children at home is best for a child’s development while others think that it is important for children to go to school. Discuss the advantages of both methods and give your own opinion. 9. Schools are spending more time teaching traditional subjects such as history. Some people think they should rather spend more time in teaching skills that can help students find a job. To what extent do you agree or disagree. 10. Some people think that all university students should study whatever they like. Others believe that they should only be allowed to study subjects that will be useful in the future, such as those related to science and technology. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. 6. ENTERTAINMENT/HOBBY/LEISURE TIME 1. Youngsters these days find hardly any time for leisure. Is this a positive development? What are the causes of this? If this is a problem, can you suggest solutions? 2. Many people today are worried about young children using video games. What problems might these games cause, for children and society as a whole? How could these problems be reduced? You should give reasons for your answer, and include ideas and examples from your own knowledge and experience. 3. Some people believe that hobbies need to be difficult to be enjoyable. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 4. Some people regard video games as harmless fun, or even as a useful educational tool. Others, however, believe that videos games are having an adverse effect on the people who play them. In your opinion, do the drawbacks of video games outweigh the benefits? 7. ENVIRONMENT/NATURE/CLIMATE/ANIMAL 1. Global warming is one of the most serious issues that the world is facing today. What are the causes of global warming and what measures can governments and individuals take to tackle the issue? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own experience or knowledge. 2. There are many extinct animals’ species in the world. Some people think we should protect animals from dying out, while others believe we should spend more time on problems of human beings. Discuss both sides and give your opinion. 3. Some people think that instead of preventing climate change, we need to find a way to live with it. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 4. Some people think that instead of preventing climate change, we need to find a way to live with it. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 5. The world's air pollution levels are rising year on year. What are the most pressing causes and effects of this disturbing trend? 6. Nowadays there is a rapid increase in the use of natural resources such as oil, forest and fresh water. What dangers does it bring? What are the possible solutions to address these issues? 7. Explain some of the ways in which humans are damaging the environment. What can governments do to address these problems? What can individual people do? 8. Some people feel that it is always wrong to keep animals in captivity, for instance in zoos. Other people say that there are benefits for the animals and for humans. Discuss both sides of this debate, and give your personal view. You should give reasons for your answer, and include ideas and examples from your own knowledge and experience. 9. Nowadays animal experiments are widely used to develop new medicines and to test the safety of other products. Some people argue that these experiments should be banned because it is morally wrong to cause animals to suffer, while others are in favour of them because of their benefits to humanity. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 10. Some people claim that not enough of the waste from homes is recycled. They say that the only way to increase recycling is for governments to make it a legal requirement.
 To what extent do you think laws are needed to make people recycle more of their waste? 8. FAMILY, FRIENDS, CHILDREN 1. Some people say that cities are a better place for children to grow up, while others believe countryside is the right choice. Discuss both views. 2. Nowadays children spend more time playing computer games than doing sports. Why is it happening? Does it have a positive or negative effect on their development? 3. Children do not respect their parents as much as they did in the past. This behaviour is now having a negative impact on society. 4. Some people think that a sense of competition in children should be encouraged. Others believe that children who are taught to co-operate rather than compete become more useful adults. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. 5."Children are facing more pressures nowadays from academic, social and commercial perspectives. What are the causes of these pressures and what measures should be taken to reduce these pressures? 6."Mothers play key roles in the upbringing of children. But in the recent times both parents are getting busy with professional life. Who in your opinion should take the responsibility of child care now?" Give your opinion in no less than 250 words. 9. FOOD 1. For a long time there has been concern about the quality of the food we eat because of additives and contaminants. Recently genetically modified (GM) food has become more common, causing concern. Is this concern justified or not? 2. Even though organic fruits and vegetables are more expensive than conventional fruits and vegetables, they are worth the extra cost. Do you agree or disagree. 3. Everyone should follow a vegetarian diet because it is not necessary to eat meat to be healthy. Do you agree or disagree? 4. In some countries an increasing number of people are suffering from health problems as a result of eating too much fast food. It is therefore necessary for governments to impose a higher tax on this kind of food. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 5."It is noticeable that fast food consumption has increased substantially during the last 10 years. Discuss its impact on environment and health." 10. GENDER ISSUES 1. "World history suggests that violence and conflict were more evident under male leadership that under female leadership. So. for peace to prevail, female leadership can be considered as a better option that male leadership." Do you agree or disagree? 2. Universities should enrol equal numbers of male and female students in all subjects. Do you agree or disagree? 3. In some schools and universities, girls choose arts subjects (literature), and boys tend to choose science subjects (physics). Why do you think this is so? 4. Many people believe that women make better parents than men and that is why they have the greater role in raising children in most societies. Others claim that men are just as good as women at parenting. 11. GLOBAL ISSUES/GLOBALIZATION 1. Even though globalization affects the world’s economies in a very positive way, its negative side should not be forgotten. Discuss. 2. The world is heavily dependent on oil for energy. Do you think a future re-source will take oil's place? Why do you think this? 3. Improvements in health, education and trade are essential for the development of poorer nations. However, the governments of richer nations should take more responsibility for helping the poorer nations in such areas. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? 4.Improvements in health, education and trade are essential for the development of poorer nations. However, the governments of richer nations should take more responsibility for helping the poorer nations in such areas. 5. The continued rise in the world’s population is the greatest problem faced by humanity at the present time. What are the causes of this continued rise? Do you agree that it is the greatest problem faced by humanity? 6. Many countries today are experiencing high levels of migration from rural areas to cities. What are the causes of this trend, and what effects does it have on the existing city dwellers? 7. In the developed world, average life expectancy is increasing. What problems will this cause for individuals and society? Suggest some measures that could be taken to reduce the impact of ageing populations. 8. We cannot help everyone in the world that needs help, so we should only be concerned with our own communities and countries. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? 12. GOVERNMENT 1. Some People think that the government is wasting money on the arts and that this money could be better spent elsewhere. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 2. Some people think governments should take measures to improve the health of its citizens. Others think it must be managed by individuals. Discuss both sides and give your opinion. 3. Few people devote time to hobbies nowadays. Why you think this is the case and what effect this has on the individual and society in general. Differences between countries are becoming less. Nowadays people all over the world are adopting similar fashion and trends. Do you think disadvantages outweigh the advantages? 4. Differences between countries are becoming less. Nowadays people all over the world are adopting similar fashion and trends. Do you think disadvantages outweigh the advantages? 5. "Should Government be responsible for providing pure drinking water to all or should the people obtain their own water?" 6. Some people think that governments should give financial support to creative artists such as painters and musicians. Others believe that creative artists should be funded by alternative sources. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 7. In many cities the use of video cameras in public places is being increased in order to reduce crime, but some people believe that these measures restrict our individual freedom. Do the benefits of increased security outweigh the drawbacks? 13. HEALTH 1. Currently there is a trend towards the use of alternative forms of medicine. However, at best these methods are ineffective, and at worst they may be dangerous. To what extent do you agree with this statement? 2.All over the world, the number of overweight people is growing. What do you feel are the main causes of this? What are the effects? 3. Many doctors are concerned about the high use of computer games by children and young people. What mental and physical problems may arise from excessive use of these games? How could these problems be reduced? 4. In many countries today, there are concerns about the unhealthy lifestyles that people lead. What health issues are linked to modern lifestyles? What answers to these problems can you suggest? Give reasons for your answer, and support your essay with ideas and examples from your own experience. 5. Some people say that the best way to improve public health is to increase the number of sports facilities. Others, however, say that this would have little effect on public health and that other measures are required. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. 6. Many office authorities impose restriction on smoking within the offices premises. Some governments have even banned smoking in all public places. This is a good idea but it takes away some of our freedom. What are your opinions on this? Use your own knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence. 7. In the developed world, average life expectancy is increasing. What problems will this cause for individuals and society? Suggest some measures that could be taken to reduce the impact of ageing populations. 8.The growing number of overweight people is putting a strain on the health care system in an effort to deal with the health issues involved. Some people think that the best way to deal with this problem is to introduce more physical education lessons in the school curriculum. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 14. LANGUAGE 1. Several languages die every year. Many people feel this is a positive trend and that a world with fewer languages promotes harmony and understanding between people. Analyze both sides of this argument and provide your opinion. 2. Several languages are in danger of extinction because they are spoken by very small numbers of people. Some people say that governments should spend public money on saving these languages, while others believe that would be a waste of money. Discuss both these views and give your opinion. 3. Nowadays, more and more foreign students are going to English-Speaking countries to learn the “international” language – English. It is undoubtedly true that studying English in an English-speaking country is the best way, but it is not the only way to learn it. Use your own knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence. 4. The development of tourism contributed to English becoming the most prominent language in the world. Some people think this will lead to English becoming the only language to be spoken globally. What are the advantages and disadvantages to having one language in the world? 15. MEDIA/SOCIAL MEDIA 1. Today, the expensive price of popular consumer products is because of the power of advertising and not the real needs of people. Do you agree or disagree? 2. News editors decide what to broadcast on television and what to print in newspapers. What factors do you think influence these decisions? Have we become used to bad news? Wouldn’t it be better if more good news was reported? 3. News editors decide what to broadcast on television and what to write in newspapers. What factors influence these decisions? Do you think we become used to bad news? Should more good news be reported? 4. Nowadays there are more and more advertisements. Some people think that they have a negative influence on people, and therefore should be restricted. Do you agree or disagree? 5. Many people believe that media coverage of celebrities is having a negative effect on children. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? 6. "Advertisements of toys and fast foods are obstacles to children’s physical and mental development, and, at the same time, cause loss of time and money of parents." Give your opinion in no less than 250 words. 7. Many people believe that social networking sites (such as Facebook) have had a huge negative impact on both individuals and society. To what extent do you agree? 16. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 1. Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology. In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships people make? Has this become a positive or negative development? 2. Smart devices have put all of the world's information at our fingertips. The benefits of this development are obvious, but what are the drawbacks? 3. Since the 18th century technological advances have replaced people in the workplace. With today’s technology this process is happening at a greater rate. Technology is increasingly responsible for unemployment. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? 4. There are many problems caused by mobile phones. What are the advantages of mobile phones? What are the disadvantages? 5. Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology. In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships that people make? Has this been a positive or negative development? 6. Smart devices have put all of the world's information at our fingertips. The benefits of this development are obvious, but what are the drawbacks? 7. Many people today are worried about cybercrimes such as hacking and identity theft. What problems does `cybercrime' cause, and what solutions can you suggest for ordinary people and businesses to take? 8. Do you support the use of nuclear technology to be used for constructive purposes? Use your own knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence. 9. The advent of the internet has made it possible for people to work from home. Write an essay looking at the advantages and disadvantages of this professional arrangement. Share personal examples in your essay. 10. The advent of the internet has made it possible for people to work from home. Do you feel this working arrangement has more advantages or disad¬vantages? Share personal examples in your essay. 11. Internet crime is increasing rapidly as growing numbers of people purchase goods over the internet. What can be done to tackle this problem? 12. The advent of the internet has made it possible for people to work from home. Do you feel this working arrangement has more advantages or disadvantages? Share personal examples in your essay. 13. Some people regard video games as harmless fun, or even as a useful educational tool. Others, however, believe that videos games are having an adverse effect on the people who play them. In your opinion, do the drawbacks of video games outweigh the benefits? 14. Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology. In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships that people make? Has this been a positive or negative development? 17. SOCIETY/SOCIAL PROLEMS/SOCIAL TRENDS 1. “Although abuse of the system is inevitable, social welfare payments are essential to protect the rights citizens have to a guaranteed minimum income in a democratic society” Discuss. 2. It is sometimes said that the countryside offers a high quality of life, especially for families. What are the arguments for and against families choosing to live and work in the countryside, for example as farmers? What is your own view about this? 3. "City Planners' new designs include setting up schools, markets, and commercial places (offices) in different areas of the city. Do you think it will help the city dwellers?" 4. Youth drug abuse is a serous problem. What are the possible causes of this behavior? Do you have any suggestion to control that? Use your own knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence. 5. The older generations tend to have very traditional ideas about how people should live, think and behave. However, some people believe that these ideas are not helpful in preparing younger generations for modern life. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this view? 18. SPORTS 1. Successful sports professionals can earn a great deal more money than people in other important professions. Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair. Discus both these views and give your own opinion. 2. "Cricket has become more popular than the national sports in the sub-continental countries ."What do you think are the reasons behind this? 3. Some people believe that sport is an essential part of school life for children, while others feel it should be purely optional. Discuss these opposing views and give your own opinion. You should give reasons for your answer, and include ideas and examples from your own knowledge and experience. 4. Popular events like the football World Cup and other international sporting occasions are essential in easing international tensions and releasing patriotic emotions in a safe way. 19. TRANSPORT 1. Transport delays and long journey times are a widespread phenomenon in many cities today. What are the causes of this problem, and how could the situation be improved? 2. Everyday traffic seems to get worse on our roads. How can we reduce the number of cars on our roads today? What alternatives can we offer car drivers? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. 3. In order to solve traffic problems, governments should tax private car owners heavily and use the money to improve public transportation. What are the advantages and disadvantages of such a solution? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own experience or knowledge. 4. Some people think that strict punishments for driving offences are the key to reducing traffic accidents. Others, however, believe that other measures would be more effective in improving road safety. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. 20. TRAVEL/TOURISM 1. Many people believe that international tourism is a bad thing for their own countries. What are the reasons? What are the solutions to change negative attitudes? 2. Restricting air travel is the only way to prevent air pollution. Do you agree? You should spend about 40 minutes on this task and write at least 250 words. 3. Tourism is always a force for good which enables people of different countries to understand each other.' To what extent do you agree with this idea? 4. Some people like to travel outside of their countries. Others would rather travel to the tourist spots in their own country first before travelling abroad. Which do you prefer to do and why? Include specific details and examples to support your choice. 5."By investing in tourism we can earn a lot of revenue and growth in national economy. At the same time it destroys the local culture. What is your opinion?" Give your opinion in no less than 250 words. 6. Today more people are travelling than ever before. Why is this the case? What are the benefits of travelling for the traveller? 7. Foreign visitors should pay more than local visitors for cultural and historical attractions. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? 21. WORK 1. Unemployment remains the biggest challenge to school-leavers in most countries’ How far do you agree with this assessment? What other challenges face young people today? 2. Some people think that having a set retirement (e.g.65 years) for everybody, regardless of occupation, is unfair. They believe that certain workers deserve to retire and receive a pension at an earlier age. 3. Some people think that having a set retirement age (e.g. 65 years) for everybody, regardless of occupation is unfair. They believe that certain workers deserve to retire and receive a pension at an early age. Do you agree or disagree? Which types of workers do you think should benefit from early retirement? 4. Many people today find it difficult to balance the demands of their work and personal life. What are the causes of this situation, and what can individuals and employers do to reduce the problem? You should give reasons for your answer, and include ideas and examples from your own knowledge and experience. 5. Most employers do job interviews before offering a position to a person. Do you think this is the best way to do it, or are there better alternatives? What is the best method of choosing employees in your opinion? 6. Many people decide on a career path early in their lives and keep to it. This, they argue, leads to a more satisfying working life. To what extent do you agree with this view? What other things can people do in order to have a satisfying working life? 7. "Changing jobs and residences frequently is a very common scenario nowadays. Do you believe that this is good for one's future?" 8. Men do most high level jobs. Should the government encourage a certain percentage of to be reserved for women? 9. The most important thing about a job is how much money you earn in that job. Do you agree or disagree? 10. Some employers offer their employees subsidised membership of gyms and sports clubs, believing that this will make their staff healthier and thus more effective at work. Other employers see no benefit in doing so. Consider the arguments from both aspects of this possible debate, and reach a conclusion. 11. Many people are working at home rather than in the workplace. Some people believe this will bring benefits to the workers and their families, but others suggest it will cause stress in the home. Discuss both sides and give your opinion. 12. The advent of the internet has made it possible for people to work from home. Write an essay looking at the advantages and disadvantages of this professional arrangement. Share personal examples in your essay. 13. When choosing a job, the salary is the most important consideration. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 14. Completing university education is thought by some to be the best way to get a good job. On the other hand, other people think that getting experience and developing soft skills is more important. Discuss both sides and give your opinion. 22. OTHERS/ABSTRACT IDEAS-HAPPINESS, SUCCESS ETC. 1. In achieving personal happiness, our relationships with family, friends, and colleagues are more important than work and wealth. Do you agree or disagree with this? 2. In achieving personal happiness, our relationships with family, friends, and colleagues are more important than work and wealth. Do you agree or disagree with this? 3."Some people think that hard work and determination are the keys to success in life. Some, on the other hand, think that there are other factors behind a successful life. Give your opinion." 4. Some people think that a person improves intellectual skills better when doing group activities. To what extent do you agree? Use specific details and examples to explain your view. 5. Nowadays celebrities are more known for their glamour and wealth than for their achievement, and this sets a bad example to young people. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 6. Some people believe famous people’s support for international aid organizations draw public attention. Others think celebrities reduce the importance of the problems. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 7. Whether someone achieves their goal or not is a question of luck. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 8. Happiness is considered very important in life. Why is it difficult to define? What factors are important in achieving happiness? 9. Some people think that money is one of the most essential factors in promoting happiness. Do you think people can be happy without much money? What other factors contribute towards happiness?

english for honours examination, Hounours english HONOURS Idea Builders Idea Builders Listening Reading writing Speaking Vocabulary Grammar Synonyms & Phraphrasing English Syllabus & Book List BA Hons (1st Year) Course National University Bangladesh (http://www.nu.edu.bd ). Detailed Syllabus Paper Code : 211101 Marks : 100 Credits : 4 Class Hours : 60 Paper Title :English Reading Skills The Paper seeks to develop student’ reading skills and covers the following sub-skills: a) Guessing word meanings by using knowledge of word form (class), word function, word structure and formation and most importantly, contextual clues. b) Understanding ornamental expressions c) Tackling sentence meaning, d) Surveying text organization, e) Reading for specific information (skimming) f) Reading for general comprehension/gist (scanning), g) Summarizing, h) Predicting , i) Interpreting and j) Recognizing, author’s position, tone and attitude The reading texts will be chosen from different types of writing like descriptive, narrative, expository, argumentative, journalistic and academic text e.g. History, Philosophy etc. Recommended books: Williams. E. 1984 Reading in the Language Classroom. Macmillan Wallace.1992. Reading, OUP Barr. P. Clegg, J. and Wallace, C. 1981 Advance Reading Skills Longman Walter, Catherine. 1988. Class Readers, OUP Paper Code : 211103 Marks : 100 Credits : 4 Class Hours : 60 Paper Title : English Writing Skills a. Paragraphs using a variety of techniques such as examples, listing, cause and effect, comparison-contrast among others, b. Essay: Descriptive, Narrative, Expository and Argumentative, c. Report writing: Newspaper Report, Survey Report, Business Report d. Letter: Formal / Informal/ Business and e. Notice, Memo, Notes, Press Release, Minutes. Paper Code : 211105 Marks : 100 Credits : 4 Class Hours : 60 Paper Title : Introduction to Poetry W. Shakespeare “ Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?” Milton “On His Blindness” John Donne “The Good-Morrow” R. Herrick “To Daffodils” Thomas Gray “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard” W. Wordsworth “I wandered Lonely as a Cloud” P.B. Shelley “Ode to the West Wind” John Keats “To Autumn” A. Tennyson “Ulysses” R. Browning “Patriot” Elizabeth B. Br“How do I love thee” W. Whitman “Crossing Brooklyn Ferry” Emily Dickenson “Because I Could not stop for Death” W.B. Yeats “A Prayer for My Daughter” R. Frost “Home Burial” D.H Lawrence “The Piano” Dylan Thomas “Fern Hill” Ted Hughes “Pike” R. Tagore “ Where the mind is without fear” (Gitanjali-35) Kaiser Huq “Learning Grief” Literary Terms: Simile, Metaphor, Personification, Metonymy, Symbol, Irony, Climax, Anticlimax, Alliteration, Assonance, Hyperbole, Paradox, Onomatopoeia, Bathos, Allusion, Conceit, Pun, Imagery, Elegy, Sonnet, Lyric, Dramatic Monologue, Ode, Ballad, Fable, Satire, Lampoon Prosody Accent, Foot/ Measure, Blank Verse, Rhyme, Tercet , Couplet, Heroic Couplet, Scansion of verse and others. Paper Code : 211107 Marks : 100 Credits : 4 Class Hours : 60 Paper Title : Introduction to Prose: Fiction and Non- Fiction: F. Bacon “Of Studies” A. Lincoln “Gettysburg Address” R. Tagore “Letter to Lord Chelmsford Rejecting Knighthood” G. Orwell “Shooting an Elephant” Martin Luther King “I have a dream” N. Mandela “Long Walk to Freedom” (Part Eleven: Freedom: Chapter 115) Fiction S. Maugham “The Luncheon” O Henry “The Gift of the Magi” James Joyce “Araby” K. Mansfield “The Garden Party” E. Hemmingway “A Cat in the Rain” Anita Desai “Games at Twilight” Novel G. Eliot Silas Marner Paper Code 212009 Marks : 100 Credits : 4 Class Hours : 60 Paper Title Introducing Sociology Exam Duration : 4 Hours 1. Definition, Nature & Scope of Sociology, relationship with other social sciences. Development of Sociology: Contributions of Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber 2. Culture, Beliefs & Values: Norms, sanctions, symbols, language, subculture, counterculture, hegemony & resistance 3. Globalization, Culture and Society: Globalization and its different dimensions, Cultural globalization, global culture and social change 4. Urbanization and Social Formation: Definition of urbanization and urbanism, Process of urbanization in developing societies and social formation, over urbanization, growth of slum & poverty in mega cities 5. Gender and Society: DisPaper of WID, WAD and GAD, Why gender is important in the disPaper of development, Gender inequality & women’s subjugation in developing societies. 6. Environmental Problems, Natural Disasters and Social Crisis: Climate change and its impact on society, Natural disaster, social crisis and vulnerabilities, Climate change, deforestation and mal-development. 7. Social Inequality: Dimensions of social inequality: Class, gender, age, minority group (religious and indigenous), economic vulnerability, Social inequalities in developed & developing countries. 8. Types of societies: Marxist view on classifying societies on the basis of type of control over economic resources and Lenski’s view on classifying societies by their main means of Subsistance. 9. Deviance & Social Control: Definition of deviance, theories of deviance. Crime & justice system, agencies of social control. 10. Health, Illness and Society: Nature & scope of the problem, Urbanizations, acute, chronic & life style diseases, Social, environmental & behavioural factors affecting health, Communicable & behavioural diseases: STD, HIV/AIDS, TB, Hep-B etc Reference: Giddens Sociology Tony Bilton et al Introductory Sociology Paper Code 212111 Marks : 100 Credits : 4 Class Hours : 60 Paper Title Introduction to Social Work Exam Duration : 4 Hours 1. Social Work: Meaning, Characteristics, Scope and Importance Relationship of Social Work with other Sciences- Sociology, Economics, Psychology and Political Science. 2. Evolution: Evolution of Social Work in UK, USA, India and Bangladesh. 3. Social Reformers and their Movements in Pre-partition India and Bangladesh: Raja Rammohan Ray, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, A.K Fazlul Haque, Sir Syad Ahmed, Begum Rokeya. 4. Social Legislations Related to Social Security, Women Welfare, Child Welfare. 5. Profession and Social Work: Meaning and Characteristics of Profession, Social Work as profession, Philosophical, Religions and Ethical Basis of Social Work. 6. Industrial Revolution: Meaning, Impact on Society, Industrialization, Urbanization, Welfare State. 7. Social Problems and Social Services in Bangladesh. 8. Methods of Social Work: Basic and Auxiliary Methods and their Basic Issues such as Meaning, Elements, Principles and Area of Use. Importance of Social Work Methods in Bangladesh. Books Recommended: 1. Barker, Robert L. :Social Work Dictionary, 3rd ed. NASW, New York, 1995. 2. Coulshed, Veronica Social Work Practice: An Introduction 2nd ed. London. Macmillan, 1991. 3. Friedlander, Walter A. : Introduction to Social Welfare. Prentice Hall, 2nd ed. New Delhi-1967. 4. Khalid, M. : Welfare State, Karachi, Royal Book, 1968 5. Morales, A. And Shaefor, B. Social Work – A Profession of many faces, 4th ed. Allyan and Bacan, Boston, 1986. Paper Code 211909 Marks : 100 Credits : 4 Class Hours : 60 Paper Title Introduction to Political Theory Exam Duration : 4 Hours Political Science : Meaning, Nature, Scope, Methods, Relations to other Social Sciences, Importance to Study Political Science. State : Definition, Elements, State and Government, State and Individual, State and Society, Theories of the origin of the state. Fundamental concepts : Sovereignty, Law, Liberty, Equality, Rights and Duties, Nation, Nationalism, Internationalism. Concepts of Political Sociology : Political culture, elite theory, Max Weber and Bureaucracy Political Thinkers : Plato, Aristotle, St. Augustine, St. Thomas Aquinas, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau. Books Recommended : 1. R.G. Gettell : Political Science 2. J. W. Garner : Political Science and Government 3. R. M. MacIver : The Modern State 4. G.H. Sabine : A History of Political Theory 5. William Ebenstein : Great Political Thinkers-Plato to the Present 6. H.G. Laski : A Grammar of Politics. Paper Code 211501 Marks: 100 Credits: 4 Class Hours: 60 Paper Title: History of Emergence of Independent Bangladesh History of the Emergence of Independent Bangladesh Introduction: Scope and description of the emergence of Independent Bangladesh. Writing on this topic. 1. Description of the country and its people. a. Geographical features and their influence. b. Ethnic composition. c. Language. d. Cultural syncretism and religious tolerance. e. Distinctive identity of Bangladesh in the context of undivided Bangladesh. 2. Proposal for undivided sovereign Bengal and the partition of the Sub Continent, 1947. a. Rise of communalism under the colonial rule, Lahore Resolution 1940. b. The proposal of Suhrawardi and Sarat Bose for undivided Bengal : consequences c. The creation of Pakistan 1947 . 3. Pakistan: Structure of the state and disparity. a. Central and provincial structure. b. Influence of Military and Civil bureaucracy. C . Economic , social and cultural disparity 4. Language Movement and quest for Bengali identity a. Misrule by Muslim League and Struggle for democratic politics . b. The Language Movement: context and phases . c. United front of Haque – Vasani – Suhrawardi: election of 1954, consequences. 3. Pakistan: Structure of the state and disparity. a. Central and provincial structure. b. Influence of Military and Civil bureaucracy. C . Economic , social and cultural disparity 4. Language Movement and quest for Bengali identity a. Misrule by Muslim League and Struggle for democratic politics . b. The Language Movement: context and phases . c. United front of Haque – Vasani – Suhrawardi: election of 1954, consequences. 7. The mass- upsurge of 1969 and 11 point movement: background,programme and significance. 8. Election of 1970 and the Declaration of Independence by Bangobondhu a. Election result and centres refusal to comply b. The non co-operation movement, the 7th March , Address , Operation Searchlight c. Declaration of Independence by Bangobondhu and his arrest 9. The war of Liberation 1971 a. Genocide, repression of women, refugees b. Formation of Bangladesh government and proclamation of Independence c. The spontaneous early resistance and subsequent organized resistance (Mukti Fouz, Mukti Bahini, guerillas and the frontal warfare ) d. Publicity Campaign in the war of Liberation (Shadhin Bangla Betar Kendra, the Campaigns abroad and formation of public opinion ) e. Contribution of students, women and the masses (Peoples war) f. The role of super powers and the Muslim states in the Liberation war. g. The Anti-liberation activities of the occupation army, the Peace Committee, Al-Badar, Al-Shams, Rajakars, pro Pakistan political parties and Pakistani Collaborators , killing of the intellectuals. h. Trial of Bangabondhu and reaction of the World Community. i. The contribution of India in the Liberation War j. Formation of joint command and the Victory k. The overall contribution of Bangabondhu in the Independence struggle. 10. The Bangabondhu Regime 1972-1975 a. Homecoming b. Making of the constitution c. Reconstruction of the war ravaged country d. The murder of Bangabondhu and his family and the ideological turn-around.